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...1955) was a German physicist known for his work in the field of [[thermal science]]. ...arked on a 25-year career at the [[Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt]] in [[Charlottenburg]], [[Berlin]]. During this time he founded and directed ap ...

...ovember 1866 – 12 August 1945) was a German [[mathematician]] specializing in [[differential geometry]]. Scheffers was born on 21 November 1866 in the village of Altendorf near [[Holzminden]] (today incorporated into Holzm ...

{{Short description|Principle of materials science}} ...352713 |arxiv=0801.3664 |bibcode=2008PhRvL.100i4301K }}</ref> It is useful in expressing '''S-N relationships'''. ...

...elation in the sense that for all <math>x \in X</math> there is a <math>y \in X</math> so that <math>x \mathrel{R} y</math> (see [[serial relation]]). ...tion of [[total order]]s: a total (or linear) order is a [[partial order]] in which any two elements are comparable; that is, the order relation is conne ...

...William Airey, a [[stone mason]], and Elizabeth Airey, who were both born in Preston under Scar, North Yorkshire. He was the oldest from four siblings, ...re College, the college did not award its own degrees.}} which was awarded in 1894.<ref name="Nature, Obit" /> ...

...e plane]] over the field with two elements, is one of the simplest objects in Galois geometry.]] ...or space]]s defined over finite fields play a significant role, especially in construction methods. ...

| education = PhD in Geometry (1907) from the University of Wisconsin (Madison) | known_for = 2nd woman to receive a PhD in math at the University of Wisconsin ...

...|the Sierra Leone activist|Adelaide Casely-Hayford|the fictional character in the 1960s Broadway play Tiger, Tiger Burning Bright|Diana Sands}} ...ter life she became the principal of a school for girls, the second oldest in California. ...

...in 1894, and an [[Doctor of Science|ScD]] from the [[University of Paris]] in 1901.<ref name=Cyclopaedia>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books? ...s on the theory of elliptic functions |publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year= 1910|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BsPAAAAIAAJ}} Reprinted by Dover Pu ...

...alter">Walter (2018)</ref><ref name="warwick">Warwick (1992), (2012)</ref> In addition, it can be shown that the conformal group of the plane (correspond ...res but also planes into planes.<ref name=fano /><ref name=mueller>Müller (1910), chapter 25</ref><ref name=pedoe>Pedoe (1972)</ref> If time is used as fou ...

...with iron ore and oxides. This conditioning of iron ore optimizes its use in the blast furnace. ...roduction.svg|left|thumb|300x300px|Expansion of iron ore sinter production in the 20th century.]] ...

The Gibbs–Thomson effect, in common [[physics]] usage, refers to variations in [[vapor pressure]] or [[chemical potential]] across a curved surface or int ...such as liquids contained within porous media, this leads to a depression in the freezing point / melting point that is inversely proportional to the po ...

| awards = Many, including [[National Medal of Science]] ...titative determination of aliphatic amino groups: some applications of it in the chemistry of proteins, urine, and enzymes), ''Berichte der Deutschen Ch ...

The '''Goldschmidt alternator''' or '''reflector alternator''', invented in 1908 by German engineer [[Rudolph Goldschmidt]],<ref name="Burns">{{cite bo ...imilar [[Alexanderson alternator]], it was used briefly around World War I in a few high power [[longwave]] [[radio station]]s to transmit transoceanic [ ...

{{Short description|Circle packing arranged in spirals}} ...b|upright=1.3|A Doyle spiral of type (8,16) printed in 1911 in ''[[Popular Science]]'' as an illustration of [[phyllotaxis]].{{r|emch}} One of its spiral arms ...

...to the lower-right (cooler and less bright), called the [[main sequence]]. In the lower-left is where [[white dwarf]]s are found, and above the main sequ ...pendently in 1911 by [[Ejnar Hertzsprung]] and by [[Henry Norris Russell]] in 1913, and represented a major step towards an understanding of [[stellar ev ...

{{short description|Concept in political science}} {{about|a trend observed in national legislature sizes relative to the country's population|the scienti ...

...ible to define the resolution of the system. Columns can also be combined in series to increase resolution or the range of sizes studied. ...hnique has shortcomings. For example, unknown samples are always measured in relation to known standards, and these standards may or may not have simila ...

...original contribution to the [[old quantum theory]],{{sfn|Abiko|2015|p=3}} in 1915, independently of other scientists, he formulated [[Sommerfeld-Wilson- ...homeland, Ishiwara received a post of professor at Tohoku University, and in 1919 for his scientific work was awarded the [[Imperial Prize of the Japan ...

...0042-207x(93)90123-r | pages=681–684| bibcode=1993Vacuu..44..681C }}</ref> In general, molecular drag pumps are more efficient for heavy gasses, so the l The [[turbomolecular pump]] invented in the 1950s, is a more advanced version based on similar operation, and a Hol ...