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...>This approach is often favoured by (pure) mathematicians and mathematical physicists.</ref> e.g., the notion, due to [[Bernhard Riemann|Riemann]] and others, th ...al beauty]]), a notion sometimes called "[[Occam's razor]]" after the 13th-century English philosopher [[William of Ockham|William of Occam]] (or Ockham), in ...

At the start of the 18th century the [[Reforms of Peter I of Russia|reforms of Peter the Great]] (founder of {{main|List of Russian physicists}} ...

...562]. ([[Macquorn Rankine]] in the same year used the same symbol. The two physicists were in correspondence at the time, so that it is difficult to say which of ...ermodynamic work, the caloric theory was, around the end of the eighteenth century, replaced by the "mechanical" theory of heat, which is accepted today. ...

...actions. The system became the standard of France and Europe within half a century. Other measures with unity ratios<ref group="Note">ratios of 1 between mag ...ts for length, mass and time. Advances in [[electromagnetism]] in the 19th century necessitated additional units to be defined, and multiple incompatible syst ...

The adjective ''real'', used in the 17th century by [[René Descartes]], distinguishes real numbers from [[imaginary number]] ...tion was a major development of [[History of mathematics#19th century|19th-century mathematics]] and is the foundation of [[real analysis]], the study of [[re ...

Twentieth-century French philosopher [[Alain Badiou]] claimed that [[ontology]] is mathematic ....1991.170605}}</ref><ref>Schmidhuber's theory of beauty and curiosity in a German TV show: http://www.br-online.de/bayerisches-fernsehen/faszination-wissen/s ...

...|thumb|A non-Penrose tiling by pentagons and thin rhombs in the early 18th-century [[Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk]] at Zelená hora, Czech Republ In 1996, German mathematician Petra Gummelt demonstrated that a covering (so called to dist ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...List of mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleito ...

..., who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century.}} ...'''[[Mass number]]'''}}{{defn|defn=The mass number (symbol ''A'', from the German word ''Atomgewicht'' [atomic weight]),<ref>[[Jensen, William B.]] (2005). T ...