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{{Short description|German mathematician and teacher}} '''Hans Heinrich Bürmann''' (died 21 June 1817, in [[Mannheim]]) was a German [[mathematician]] and teacher. He ran an "academy of commerce" in Mannheim ...

{{Short description|German mathematician}} ...sher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|year=1990|isbn=9783525403150|page=175|language=German}}.</ref> ...

[[Carl Benjamin Boyer]]'s lectures at the 1950 [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] compared the influence of Euler's ''Introductio'' to that of [[Euclid]]' * J.C. Scriba (2007) review of 1983 reprint of 1885 German edition {{mr|id=715928}} ...

...[[recreational mathematics]] literature in the late 19th century. Several mathematicians have formulated different generalizations of the puzzle to numbers other th ...d|wensmi}} A version with 17 horses circulated as [[folklore]] in mid-20th-century America.{{r|browne}} ...

...tance of this early work had a large impact on both contemporary and later mathematicians; for example, [[Abraham de Moivre]]. Bernoulli wrote the text between 1684 and 1689, including the work of mathematicians such as [[Christiaan Huygens]], [[Gerolamo Cardano]], [[Pierre de Fermat]], ...

...over a field]]. The term ''abstract algebra'' was coined in the early 20th century to distinguish it from older parts of algebra, and more specifically from [ ...et of concepts. This unification occurred in the early decades of the 20th century and resulted in the formal [[axiom]]atic definitions of various [[algebraic ...

At the start of the 18th century the [[Reforms of Peter I of Russia|reforms of Peter the Great]] (founder of ...ding universe model in 1922 which greatly influenced cosmology in the 20th century. [[Georgiy Gamov]] proposed the theory of the [[alpha decay]] of a nucleus ...

...abstractness, purity, simplicity, depth or orderliness of [[mathematics]]. Mathematicians may express this pleasure by describing mathematics (or, at least, some asp Mathematicians commonly describe an especially pleasing method of [[Mathematical proof|pro ...

...modeled;<ref group="lower-alpha">This approach is often favoured by (pure) mathematicians and mathematical physicists.</ref> e.g., the notion, due to [[Bernhard Riem ...al beauty]]), a notion sometimes called "[[Occam's razor]]" after the 13th-century English philosopher [[William of Ockham|William of Occam]] (or Ockham), in ...

...focused on the [[Ptolemy's table of chords|calculation of chords]], while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric rati ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

...) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians,<ref name="Eves 1963 loc=p. 19">{{harvnb|Eves|1963|loc=p. 19}}</ref> Euclid ...clidean are known, the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century. ...

The adjective ''real'', used in the 17th century by [[René Descartes]], distinguishes real numbers from [[imaginary number]] ...tion was a major development of [[History of mathematics#19th century|19th-century mathematics]] and is the foundation of [[real analysis]], the study of [[re ...

...f the concept can perhaps be seen in the work of medieval philosophers and mathematicians such as [[Oresme]]. ...ded a function as being defined by an [[analytic expression]]. In the 19th century, the demands of the rigorous development of [[mathematical analysis|analysi ...

...y a special symbol (e.g., an [[Letter (alphabet)|alphabet letter]]), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple [[mathematical problem]]s.<re ...ample, [[Germans|German]] mathematician [[Ludolph van Ceulen]] of the 16th century spent a major part of his life calculating the first 35 digits of pi.<ref>[ ...

...enturies when a rigorous symbolic formalism was developed. In the mid-19th century, the scope of algebra broadened beyond a [[theory of equations]] to cover d ...[[polynomial equations]] in view of solving them. This changed in the 19th century{{efn|These changes were in part triggered by discoveries that solved many o ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...List of mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleito ...

..., who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century.}} ...'''[[Mass number]]'''}}{{defn|defn=The mass number (symbol ''A'', from the German word ''Atomgewicht'' [atomic weight]),<ref>[[Jensen, William B.]] (2005). T ...