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...tudy in [[Europe]] dates to the work of [[Leonardo Fibonacci]] in the 13th century AD, which introduced [[Arab world|Arabian]] and [[India|Indian]] ideas to t ...from problem 79 of the [[Rhind papyrus]], which dates to the 16th century BC. The problem concerns a certain [[geometric series]], and has similarities ...

...ext-align: center; line-height: 1em">An intricately illustrated early 18th-century manuscript scroll of the Book of Esther.</div>}} ...at the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE.{{sfn|Meyers|2007|p=324}} Chapters 3 to [[Esther 8|8]] contain the nine ...

...l al-Dhabba'i, Iraq. 2003-1595 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg|created={{circa}} 1770 BC|caption=Clay tablet, IM 67118, mathematical, geometric-algebraic, similar t Friberg points out a similar problem in a 3rd-century BCE Egyptian Demotic papyrus, ''P. Cairo'', problems 34 and 35, published b ...

===Before 1000 BC=== * ca. [[Middle Paleolithic|70,000 BC]]&nbsp;– South Africa, ochre rocks adorned with scratched [[Geometry|geomet ...

...ged in the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic world]] during the 3rd century BC from applications of [[geometry]] to [[Astronomy|astronomical studies]].<re ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

*[[Parmenides]] (530&nbsp;BC–460&nbsp;BC), İtalian-Greek philosopher, defender of rationalism in philosophy *[[Marcus Terentius Varro]] (116&nbsp;BC–27&nbsp;BC), mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, founder of the wise [[Roman calen ...

...t appeared in [[Mesopotamia]] during the [[Neo-Assyrian]] period (911-609) BC,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moorey |first1=Peter Roger Stuart |title=Ancient Me ...cian]] [[Archytas| Archytas of Tarentum]] (428–350 BC). By the 1st century BC, wooden screws were commonly used throughout the [[Mediterranean Sea|Medite ...

...clidean are known, the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century. ...reek mathematics|Greek mathematician]] [[Euclid]] in [[Alexandria]] c. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates ([[axiom]]s), propositions ( ...

...actions. The system became the standard of France and Europe within half a century. Other measures with unity ratios<ref group="Note">ratios of 1 between mag ...ts for length, mass and time. Advances in [[electromagnetism]] in the 19th century necessitated additional units to be defined, and multiple incompatible syst ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleitos#C ...

* [[Law]] — [[Ancient Egypt]]ian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was based on the concept of [[Ma'at]] and characterised by tradition, [[rh ...tle= Tutankhamun's Armies: Battle and Conquest during Ancient Egypt's Late 18th Dynasty |location= Hoboken |publisher= John Wiley & Sons |isbn= 97804717435 ...

...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...] also translated it under the title ''Liber algebras et almucabala''. The works of Kharazmi "exercised a profound influence on the development of mathemati ...

..., who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century.}} ...unit of power is the [[watt]], equal to one [[joule]] per second. In older works, power is sometimes called ''activity''.<ref name="Smithsonian Tables">{{ci ...