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{{Short description|1861 physics paper by James Clerk Maxwell}} ...'''" is a four-part paper written by [[James Clerk Maxwell]], published in 1861.<ref> ...

...iments, and proposed ''[[Line of force|lines of forces]]'' to describe it. In 1834, [[Emil Lenz]] solved the problem of the direction of the induction, a ...pages=11–34 |issn=0353-765X}}</ref> In 1856, he published his first paper in electromagnetism: ''On Faraday's Lines of Force''.<ref> ...

...}</ref> and Bauer's conic sections. He earned a footnote in the history of science as the doctoral advisor (''Doktorvater'') of [[Heinrich Burkhardt]], who be ...r Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]]. From 1842 Gustav Bauer continued his studies in [[Paris]] under [[Joseph Liouville]], as well as other mathematicians. ...

...ence & Business Media |isbn=978-3-7643-6126-6 |language=en}}</ref> and was in particular successfully used as a representation of [[superprocess]]es. ...of when two given present-day particles have split from a common ancestor in the past. ...

* 3rd century BC - [[Archimedes]] displays [[geometric series]] in ''[[The Quadrature of the Parabola]].'' He further develops the method of e ...ges=482–484 |s2cid=206644971 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aad8085}}</ref> ...

.../> He then began his research in [[psychophysics]] with [[Gustav Fechner]] in 1865.<ref name=":1" /> Delboeuf began his psychophysical experimentation on [[brightness]] in 1865 with [[Gustav Fechner]]. Delboeuf introduced the concept of sense dist ...

...ly proportional to the square of the speed of propagation of the radiation in the medium (Clausius): ...date=Jan 15, 2024}}</ref>, comparing the emission of hot, blackened copper in carbon dioxide and hydrogen. ...

...ollution from Agriculture (13468164385).jpg|thumb|right|Estimated increase in annual mean surface concentration of [[particulate]] matter resulting from ...[guano]] of seabird colonies. Gaseous ammonia reacts with other pollutants in the air to form fine [[particulates#Size, shape and solubility matter|parti ...

{{about|the history of the standards used in the metric system|history of adoption|Metrication}} [[File:Metric and imperial systems (2019).svg|thumb|400x400px|Units in everyday use by country as of 2019]] ...

Manifolds in contemporary mathematics come in a number of types. These include: ...ifferentiable manifold|smooth]] manifolds, which are basic in [[calculus]] in several variables, [[analysis (mathematics)|mathematical analysis]] and [[d ...

...could have occurred. The term was originally coined by [[Charles Darwin]] in an 1871 letter to his friend [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]].<ref name="Peretó-200 ...ly more certain is that higher levels of volcanism on early Earth resulted in the presence of [[volcanic island]]s on which shallow lake environments may ...

...les Darwin by Julia Margaret Cameron, c. 1868.jpg|thumb|[[Charles Darwin]] in 1868]] ...with the [[Modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] in the early part of that century. Since then, research on speciation has expa ...

{{Short description|Medieval kingdom in southwest India}} | url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5665/1/22059_1961_KOZ.pdf ...

...al prototypes. Rather than the various complex systems of subdivision then in use, they also preferred a decimal system to ease their calculations. ...e many features of the [[Ancien Régime]], including [[Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution|the traditional units of measure]]. As ...

...ter (ship)|Royal Charter]] in 1859 and the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] in 1912. ...he ocean during [[World War II]] led to delayed or secret weather reports, in order to maintain a competitive advantage. [[Weather ship]]s were establis ...

{{redirect|Tensor index notation|a summary of tensors in general|Glossary of tensor theory}} ...dern tensor analysis was developed by [[Bernhard Riemann]] in a paper from 1861.<ref>{{cite book|date=2003 |first=Hans Niels |isbn=0-8218-2623-9 |last=Jahn ...

...cations. Currently, over 18 fully operational amateur radio satellites are in orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amsat.org/status/|title=AMSAT OSCAR Sa Amateur radio satellites have helped advance the science of satellite communications. Contributions include the launch of the first ...

This is a '''list of notable Italian scientists''' organized by the era in which they were active. ...0&nbsp;BC–460&nbsp;BC), İtalian-Greek philosopher, defender of rationalism in philosophy ...

...in nominis egestate, halitum illum, Gas vocavi, non longe a Chao ..." (... in need of a name, I called this vapor "gas", not far from "chaos" ...)</ref> |magazine=Galaxy Science Fiction ...

...in concept, how the [[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]] might be evaded. In a profound contribution to the literature on [[quantum mechanics]], Einstei ...|last1=El Skaf|first1=Rawad|title=What Notion of Possibility Should We Use in Assessing Scientific Thought Experiments?|journal=Revue de la Société de Ph ...