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...isher=[[Wolfram Research]] | accessdate=2012-08-29}}</ref> A basic problem in the [[calculus of variations]] is finding the curve between two points that ...atician [[C. W. B. Goldschmidt]] (1807-51) who discovered it (on paper) in 1831.}}</ref> ...

...length and directly with the square root of its cross-sectional area, or, in modern terminology: ...f the wire, and ''L'' is the length of the wire. Barlow formulated his law in terms of the diameter ''d'' of a cylindrical wire. Since ''A'' is proporti ...

'''Joseph Rémi Léopold Delbœuf''' (30 September 1831, [[Liège]], [[Belgium]] – 14 August 1896, [[Bonn, Germany]]) was a Belgian .../> He then began his research in [[psychophysics]] with [[Gustav Fechner]] in 1865.<ref name=":1" /> ...

...9 January 2020 |language=en |quote=The Nile occupied an important position in Egyptian culture; it influenced the development of mathematics, geography, ...tric problems appear in both the [[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus]] (MMP) and in the [[Rhind Mathematical Papyrus]] (RMP). The examples demonstrate that the ...

...ntial segregation: a unified Schelling model | journal=Journal of Regional Science | publisher=Wiley | volume=51 | issue=1 | year=2011 | issn=0022-4146 | doi= ...nts desire a fraction <math> B_{\textrm{a}} </math> of their neighborhood (in this case defined to be the eight adjacent agents around them) to be from t ...

...s test that shows whether an evolving system exhibits [[self-similarity]]. In general a function is said to exhibit dynamic scaling if it satisfies: Many of these systems evolve in a self-similar fashion in the sense that data obtained from the snapshot at any fixed time is similar ...

...[[probability theory]], as well as other related fields such as [[computer science]]. ...tus was seven months old. As his father and grandfather had both been born in India, De Morgan used to say that he was neither English nor Scottish nor I ...

* 3rd century BC - [[Archimedes]] displays [[geometric series]] in ''[[The Quadrature of the Parabola]].'' He further develops the method of e ...ges=482–484 |s2cid=206644971 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aad8085}}</ref> ...

...each [[element (chemistry)|element]] – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Petrucci |first1 = Ralph H. |last2 = Harwoo ...between the atoms differ; and [[stereoisomerism]] (or spatial isomerism), in which the bonds are the same but the ''relative positions'' of the atoms di ...

...nts of the [[Wulff construction]] which is used for a solid single crystal in isolation.<ref name=":1" /> They include cases for solid particle on substr ...an isolated particle; it can be difficult to differentiate between the two in experimental data. The thermodynamic cases involve the [[surface energy]] o ...

...rguments are commonly conceived ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'' in regard to the organization of the universe, whereby, if such organizational ...t".<ref>Adamson, Peter (2013-07-04). "From the necessary existent to God". In Adamson, Peter (ed.). Interpreting Avicenna: Critical Essays. Cambridge Uni ...

...iments, and proposed ''[[Line of force|lines of forces]]'' to describe it. In 1834, [[Emil Lenz]] solved the problem of the direction of the induction, a ...pages=11–34 |issn=0353-765X}}</ref> In 1856, he published his first paper in electromagnetism: ''On Faraday's Lines of Force''.<ref> ...

...sed as a fat replacer in food.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Emulsifiers in Food Technology|url=https://archive.org/details/emulsifiersfoodt00whit|url- ...ebsite=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-10-19}}</ref> In 1921, Hess and Messner synthesized sucrose octapalmitate and sucrose octast ...

'''Conical refraction''' is an [[optical phenomenon]] in which a [[Ray (optics)|ray]] of light, passing through a [[Index ellipsoid| ...itor-last=Wolf |editor-first=E. |chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079663807500028 |access-date=2024-04-23 |publisher=Elsevier | ...

...contains five different [[single crystal]]s arranged around a common axis. In most cases each unit has a [[Cubic crystal system#Bravais lattice|face cent ...]]. Because many different names have been used, sometimes the information in the different disciplines or within any one discipline is fragmented and ov ...

...first=B. E. |date=August 1941 |title=SUMMARY OF WORK ON ATOMIC ARRANGEMENT IN GLASS* |url=https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1151-291 {{Short description|Reversible transition in amorphous materials}} ...

[[File:Oxford coat of arms 20050303.jpg|thumb|City coat of arms in [[Oxford Town Hall|Town Hall]]]] ...east of the town centre (on the site of modern-day [[Magdalen Bridge]]) is in existence.<ref name=OHW3>{{cite book|first=Malcolm|last=Graham|title=On Foo ...

...be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic" stage, in which comprehensive notational systems for formulas are the norm. ...lo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/lebombo.html|title=OLDEST Mathematical Object is in Swaziland|publisher=|accessdate=March 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=h ...

...al prototypes. Rather than the various complex systems of subdivision then in use, they also preferred a decimal system to ease their calculations. ...e many features of the [[Ancien Régime]], including [[Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution|the traditional units of measure]]. As ...

...in concept, how the [[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]] might be evaded. In a profound contribution to the literature on [[quantum mechanics]], Einstei ...|last1=El Skaf|first1=Rawad|title=What Notion of Possibility Should We Use in Assessing Scientific Thought Experiments?|journal=Revue de la Société de Ph ...