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==Menzer's inventions== ...ation being the starting point of the cycle on each rotors. Fritz Menzer's inventions were designed to make such motions unpredictable.<ref name="fritz"/> ...

...tician, author of many of the best books on arithmetic written in the 15th Century ...cribes 49 machines, tools and technical concepts that predated many future inventions ...

...the [[seconds pendulum]] (a pendulum with a half-period of one second) one century earlier, but this was rejected as it had been discovered that this length v ...des Archives]]}}, a platinum bar held in Paris. During the mid nineteenth century, following the [[American Revolution]] and [[Decolonization of the Americas ...

...eld emerged in the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic world]] during the 3rd century BC from applications of [[geometry]] to [[Astronomy|astronomical studies]]. ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

...ermodynamic work, the caloric theory was, around the end of the eighteenth century, replaced by the "mechanical" theory of heat, which is accepted today. === 17th century–early 18th century === ...

...|Columba]] is a small, faint [[constellation]] named in the late sixteenth century. Its name is [[Latin]] for [[dove]]. It is located just south of [[Canis Ma ...aint constellation in the [[southern sky]], first defined in the late 16th century. Its name means "no feet" in Greek, and it represents a [[bird-of-paradise] ...

Egyptian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existe ...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W ...

{{See also|Islamic science|Inventions in medieval Islam|Timeline of Islamic science and technology|Academy of Gun ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...

'''Italian inventions and discoveries''' are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated ...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

*'''[[Andrey Bolotov]]''', major 18th-century [[agriculturist]], discovered [[dichogamy]], pioneered [[cross-pollination] *'''[[Sergei Chetverikov]]''', pioneer of [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] ...

In the 17th century, prototypes of elevators were installed in the palace buildings of England ...elevators in use today. Starting in coal mines, elevators in the mid-19th century operated with [[steam power]], and were used for moving goods in bulk in mi ...