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...e Western world starting in 1660, reaching its most common use in the 19th century. As a "compromise" projection, it preserves no particular properties, inste ...13th century, [[Petrus Apianus]] in the 16th century, and also in the 16th century by French Jesuit priest [[Georges Fournier (Jesuit)|Georges Fournier]]. In ...

[[List of Chinese inventions|Aside from many original inventions]], the [[Zhonghua minzu|Chinese]] were also early original pioneers in the ...ultaneous congruences]] in [[number theory]], was first created in the 3rd century AD in the mathematical book ''[[Sunzi Suanjing]]'' posed the problem: "Ther ...

...ntro"/> It was often called the "absolute Celsius" scale in the early 20th century.<ref name="absoluteC"/> The kelvin was formally added to the International During the 18th century, [[Conversion of scales of temperature|multiple temperature scales]] were d ...

| Chinese [[rod numerals]] || 10 || 𝍠 𝍡 𝍢 𝍣 𝍤 𝍥 𝍦 𝍧 𝍨 𝍩 || {{sort|1|1st Century}} ...et#Numerals|Coptic numerals]] || 10 || Ⲁ Ⲃ Ⲅ Ⲇ Ⲉ Ⲋ Ⲍ Ⲏ Ⲑ || {{sort|100|2nd Century}} ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

...-inventor of 40 US patents.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Ting-Chao Chou Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search |url=https://paten ...rve at various concentrations or doses of two drugs, has been around for a century. However, only until 1984 the formal derivation of its equation in the gen ...

{{See also|Islamic science|Inventions in medieval Islam|Timeline of Islamic science and technology|Academy of Gun ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...

Egyptian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existe ...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W ...

...ially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the [[Otto engine]], was desi [[File:Overhead cam engine with forced oil lubrication (Autocar Handbook, 13th ed, 1935).jpg|thumb|Diagram of an engine using pressurized lubrication]] ...

'''Italian inventions and discoveries''' are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated ...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...

*'''[[Andrey Bolotov]]''', major 18th-century [[agriculturist]], discovered [[dichogamy]], pioneered [[cross-pollination] *'''[[Sergei Chetverikov]]''', pioneer of [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] ...

In the 17th century, prototypes of elevators were installed in the palace buildings of England ...elevators in use today. Starting in coal mines, elevators in the mid-19th century operated with [[steam power]], and were used for moving goods in bulk in mi ...