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...th [[Greek numerals]] around 600 BC and became largely extinct by the 16th century.{{sfnp|Chrisomalis|2010|p=185}} After the development of [[Positional notat ...gyptian signs. The first examples of the Greek system date back to the 6th century BC, written with the letters of the [[History of the Greek alphabet#Standar ...

| religion = [[Islam]] ...orge|title=A Syriac Encyclopaedia of Aristotelian Philosophy: Barhebraeus (13th C.), Butyrum Sapientiae, Books of Ethics, Economy, and Politics : a Critica ...

...evenly into one of these lengths as well as the other. Hippasus in the 5th century BC, however, was able to deduce that there was no common unit of measure, a ...tly accepted by [[Indian mathematics|Indian mathematicians]] since the 7th century BC, when [[Manava]] (c. 750 – 690 BC) believed that the [[square root ...

...A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam |pages=245, 250, 256–257 |publisher=[[New York University Press]] |isbn=0-8 ...n it,<ref name="HoSM">{{cite web |title=Science and technology in Medieval Islam |url=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/scienceislam_education/docs/Science_and_techno ...

In the 2nd century BC [[Hipparchus]] measured the time required for the Sun to travel from an ...not improved upon until about 1000 years later, by [[Astronomy in medieval Islam|Islamic astronomers]]. Since this discovery a distinction has been made bet ...

[[image:Medieval ship and compass (Mandeville).jpg|thumb|300px|15th-century mariner consulting a compass aboard ship (from John Mandeville's ''[[Mandev ...arts]]. Portolan charts began being produced in [[Genoa]] in the late 13th century, and soon spread to [[Venice]] and [[Majorca]]. Portolan charts were not gr ...

| Chinese [[rod numerals]] || 10 || 𝍠 𝍡 𝍢 𝍣 𝍤 𝍥 𝍦 𝍧 𝍨 𝍩 || {{sort|1|1st Century}} ...et#Numerals|Coptic numerals]] || 10 || Ⲁ Ⲃ Ⲅ Ⲇ Ⲉ Ⲋ Ⲍ Ⲏ Ⲑ || {{sort|100|2nd Century}} ...

{{See also|Islamic science|Inventions in medieval Islam|Timeline of Islamic science and technology|Academy of Gundishapur}} ...ved in two main phases separated by the arrival and widespread adoption of Islam in the region. ...

...peared throughout history, including the work of [[Desargues]] in the 17th century, all the way back to the implicit use of [[spherical geometry]] to understa ...the theory of [[manifold]]s and [[Riemannian geometry]]. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries without the [[parallel postulate]] ([[non-Eucl ...

...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W * [[Catapult]] — A Catapult dating to the 19th century B.C was found on the walls of the fortress of [[Buhen]].<ref name="wac">{{C ...

...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...Amati/Amaticello.html|title=Violoncello by Andrea Amati, Cremona, Mid-16th Century|website=collections.nmmusd.org|access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref> ...

...m, as well as to various movements of the late 19th century and early 20th century such as [[Luminism (American art style)|American]], [[Belgium|Belgian]], an ...lso the variant of the urban landscape, frequent especially since the 20th century, in which a factor to take into account is the artificial illumination of t ...