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...|access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref> Sarma has referred to all of them as astronomers. K. V. Sarma (1919–2005) was an Indian [[historian of science|historian]] o ==List astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school== ...

* 5th century BC - The [[Zeno's paradoxes]], * 5th century BC - [[Antiphon (orator)|Antiphon]] attempts to [[Squaring the circle|squar ...

...eld emerged in the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic world]] during the 3rd century BC from applications of [[geometry]] to [[Astronomy|astronomical studies]]. [[Sumer]]ian astronomers studied angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees.<ref>{{ ...

...ultaneous congruences]] in [[number theory]], was first created in the 3rd century AD in the mathematical book ''[[Sunzi Suanjing]]'' posed the problem: "Ther ...s in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the ''Noon and Midnight Manual'' and the ''Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid ...

...r designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}}{{efn|Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use ...ays; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see [[List of a ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, The 9th century mathematician [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] founded algebra and expand ...