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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}} ...n science|science]], particularly the [[Indian astronomy|astronomy]] and [[Indian mathematics|mathematics]] of the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathemati ...

...eld emerged in the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic world]] during the 3rd century BC from applications of [[geometry]] to [[Astronomy|astronomical studies]]. [[Sumer]]ian astronomers studied angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees.<ref>{{ ...

...ultaneous congruences]] in [[number theory]], was first created in the 3rd century AD in the mathematical book ''[[Sunzi Suanjing]]'' posed the problem: "Ther ...s in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the ''Noon and Midnight Manual'' and the ''Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...mmad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] founded algebra and expanded upon Persian and Indian arithmetic systems. His writings were translated into [[Latin]] by [[Gerard ...