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Summary
DescriptionMichelson's illustration of the Foucault experiment - annotated.svg
English: In Foucault's experiment, lens L forms an image of slit S at spherical mirror M. If mirror R is stationary, the reflected image of the slit reforms at the original position of slit S, regardless of how R is tilted, as shown in the lower annotated figure. However, if R rotates rapidly, the time delay due to the finite speed of light traveling from R to M and back to R results in the image of the slit S becoming displaced.
Vectorized version of File:Michelson's illustration of the Foucault experiment - annotated.png but with a few changes: rotating the system so the chief ray is horizontal and the lens and spherical mirror M are centered, rotating the mirror R slightly so the geometry works, and correctly simulating the rotated green and red rays
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Captions
Diagram showing the geometry of Foucault's experiment to measure the speed of light