File:Hall effect Setup Electrons Holes.svg

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    Summary

    Description
    English: Hall effect measurement setup for both electrons and holes
    Date
    Source Own work
    Author Sjoerd Terlouw
    \documentclass[preview]{standalone}
    \usepackage{circuitikz}
    \usepackage{tikz}
    \usepackage{amsmath}
    \begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \def\w{0.0115\linewidth}
        \def\d{0.2*\w}
    
        \foreach \x/\y/\z/\a in {0/0/0/1,0/1/0/2,1/1/0/3,1/0/0/4,0/0/1/5,0/1/1/6,1/1/1/7,1/0/1/8} {
            \coordinate (\a) at (1.5*\x*\w,0.4*\y*\w,2*\z*\w);
            % \node[above] at (\a) {\a};
        }
    
        % COORDINATES Vh
        \draw[draw=none] (5)--(7) coordinate[pos=0.5] (frontMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none] (1)--(3) coordinate[pos=0.5] (backMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none](backMiddle) -- (frontMiddle) coordinate[pos=1.2] (Vhp) coordinate[pos=-0.3] (Vhm);
        \draw(backMiddle) node[circ] {} -- (Vhm) node[ocirc] {} node[above] {$V_{H}^{-}$};
    
    
        % COORDINATES CURRENT
        \draw[draw=none](8)--(3) coordinate[pos=0.5](Istart);
        \draw[draw=none](1)--(6) coordinate[pos=0.5](Iend);
        \draw[thick, blue](Iend)++(-2*\d,0,0) node[ocirc] {} node[left] {$V_{x}^{+}$} -- (Iend) node[circ] {};
    
        % COORDINATES HOLES AND ELECTRONS 
        \draw[draw=none](3)--(6) coordinate[pos=0.5](topMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none](6)--(2) coordinate[pos=0.5](topLeftMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none](7)--(3) coordinate[pos=0.5](topRightMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none](topLeftMiddle)--(topRightMiddle) coordinate[pos=0.1](holeStart) coordinate[pos=0.9](electronStart);
        \draw[draw=none](topLeftMiddle)--(topRightMiddle) coordinate[pos=0.1](holeStart) coordinate[pos=0.9](electronStart);
        \draw[draw=none](6)--(7) coordinate[pos=0.5](topFrontMiddle);
        \draw[draw=none](topFrontMiddle) -- (holeStart) coordinate[pos=0.3] (holeEnd);
        \draw[draw=none](topFrontMiddle) -- (electronStart) coordinate[pos=0.3] (electronEnd);
    
    
        % RECTANGLE
        \draw[fill=gray!40, opacity=0.5] (5)--(8)--(7)--(6)--cycle;
        \draw[fill=gray!40, opacity=0.5] (6)--(7)--(3)--(2)--cycle;
        \draw[fill=gray!40, opacity=0.5] (8)--(4)--(3)--(7);
        \draw[dotted] (5)--(1)--(2);
        \draw[dotted] (1)--(4);
    
    
        % MEASUREMENTS
        \draw(4)--+(\d,0,0);
        \draw(3)--+(\d,0,0);
        \draw[stealth-stealth]($(3)+(0.8*\d,0,0)$) -- ($(4)+(0.8*\d,0,0)$) node[midway, fill=white] {$d$};
        \draw(8)--+(\d,0,0);
        \draw[stealth-stealth]($(4)+(0.8*\d,0,0)$) -- ($(8)+(0.8*\d,0,0)$) node[midway, fill=white, sloped] {$W$};
        \draw(8)--+(0,0,1.8*\d);
        \draw(5)--+(0,0,1.8*\d);
        \draw[stealth-stealth]($(5)+(0,0,1.2*\d)$) -- ($(8)+(0,0,1.2*\d)$) node[midway, fill=white, sloped] {$L$};
    
        % MAGNETIC FIELD
        \draw[draw=none] (2)--(7) coordinate[pos=0.2](Bstart);
        \draw[thick, -stealth, blue](Bstart) -- +(0,1.2*\d,0) node[right] {$B_{z}$};
    
        % AXIS
        \draw[draw=none] (5)--(1) coordinate[pos=0.3](y);
        \draw[thick,-stealth](5)--(y) node[right] {$y$};
        \draw[thick,-stealth](5)--(6) node[left] {$z$};
        \draw[thick,-stealth](5)--($(5)+(2*\d,0,0)$) node[above] {$x$};
    
        % other quantities
        \draw[thick, blue](Istart)++(3*\d,0,0) node[ocirc] {} node[right] {$V_{x}^{-}$} to[short, i<=$I_{x}$] ($(Istart)+(2*\d,0,0)$) -- (Istart) node[circ] {};
        \draw(frontMiddle) node[circ] {} -- (Vhp) node[ocirc] {} ++(-0.15*\d,0,0) node[above] {$V_{H}^{+}$};
        
        % Holes and electrons 
        \draw[dashed, thick, blue, -stealth](electronStart) node[above] {$e^{-}$} -- +(-2.5*\d, 0,0);
        \draw[dashed, thick, blue, -stealth](holeStart) node[above right] {$h^{+}$}-- +(2.5*\d, 0,0);
        \draw[thick, blue, -stealth, ] (electronStart) to[out=190, in=50] (electronEnd);
        \draw[thick, blue, -stealth, ] (holeStart)     to[out=-10, in=90]  (holeEnd);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}
    

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    Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
    current12:47, 10 March 2026Thumbnail for version as of 12:47, 10 March 2026433 × 227 (20 KB)wikimediacommons>Sjoerd TerlouwUploaded while editing "Hall effect" on en.wikipedia.org

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