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...of '''Michigan Spin Physics Center''']] focuses on studies of spin effects in high polarized proton-proton elastic and inelastic scattering. These polari ...d polarized beams at the 12 GeV Argonne [[Zero Gradient Synchrotron|ZGS]] (in 1973) and then at the 28 GeV Brookhaven [[Alternating Gradient Synchrotron| ...

...as the "Crackle"). Unlike the [[Abraham–Lorentz force]], the force points in the direction opposite of the "Crackle". Mathematically, the magnetic radiation reaction force is given by, in SI units: ...

...tum assume the simplest form", as was done, for example, by [[Max Planck]] in 1906, who gave the now familiar expression <math>\scriptstyle m/\sqrt{1 - v ...should naturally obtain other expressions for the masses. This shows that in comparing different theories... we must proceed very cautiously."<ref>{{Cit ...

{{Short description|Seven mathematical problems with a US$1 million prize for each solution}} {{Millennium Problems}} ...

{{Short description|Problem in applied mathematics}} ...ach has to be integrated to very high [[Accuracy and precision|precision]] in order for their difference to be obtained with useful [[Accuracy and precis ...

{{Short description|Physics generalization}} ...efine the limits of measurement precision within quantum mechanics. Rooted in advanced theories of quantum gravity, including string theory and loop quan ...

{{Short description|Conjecture in knot theory relating quantum invariants and hyperbolic geometry}} In the branch of [[mathematics]] called [[knot theory]], the '''volume conject ...

{{Short description|Fifteen problems in mathematical physic}} {{distinguish|text=[[Simon's problem]] in computational complexity}} ...

..._year = 1995<ref>Wolstenholme primes were first described by McIntosh in {{Harvnb|McIntosh|1995|p=385}}</ref> ...er mathematician [[Joseph Wolstenholme]], who first described this theorem in the 19th century. ...

{{Short description|Type of measurement in quantum mechanics}} ...[regular tetrahedron]]. Zauner conjectured that analogous structures exist in complex [[Hilbert space]]s of all finite dimensions.]] ...

[[File:MUB bases plot.svg|thumb|An example of three bases in a two-dimensional space, where bases B1 and B2 are mutually unbiased, where ...s|eigenstate]] of one of the bases, then all outcomes of the [[measurement in quantum mechanics|measurement]] with respect to the other basis are predict ...

.... When the weights satisfy the [[Yang–Baxter equation]], it is integrable, in the sense that certain quantities can be exactly evaluated. |title=Commuting transfer matrices in the chiral Potts models: Solutions of star-triangle equations with genus>1 ...

{{Short description|American mathematician and physics professor}} ...= Hunter Snevily<!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name --> ...

This is a list of hypothetical [[subatomic particle]]s in [[physics]]. ...existence of additional elementary bosons and fermions that are not found in the [[Standard Model]]. ...

...0042-207x(93)90123-r | pages=681–684| bibcode=1993Vacuu..44..681C }}</ref> In general, molecular drag pumps are more efficient for heavy gasses, so the l The [[turbomolecular pump]] invented in the 1950s, is a more advanced version based on similar operation, and a Hol ...

{{Short description|Concept in cosmology}} ...niverses]] of different types within a [[multiverse]]. It typically arises in the context of [[eternal inflation]]. The problem arises because different ...

{{short description|Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body}} ...ivistic beaming|relativistic effects]] imposed on light when it is emitted in [[Gravitational singularity|regions]] subject to extreme [[Gravitational fi ...

{{Condensed matter physics}} ...pt of polymers as covalently bonded macromolecular structures was proposed in 1920 by Hermann Staudinger.<ref>H.R Allcock; F.W. Lampe; J.E Mark, ''Contem ...

{{unsolved|computer science|What is the fastest algorithm for matrix multiplication?}} ...e performed. [[Matrix multiplication algorithm]]s are a central subroutine in theoretical and [[numerical algorithm|numerical]] algorithms for [[numerica ...

...=0035-8711}}</ref> yet in recent years a small number have been discovered in the local Universe, most notably [[AT2018cow|AT 2018cow]]. ...to reveal significant variation in properties when the objects are studied in greater detail, potentially indicative of different progenitor channels or ...