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...plates, diffraction gratings, and many other common optical components and systems. * The [[superposition principle]] is valid for linear-optical systems. For example, if a mirror transforms light input A into output B, and input ...

...l#335730 | title=HST Data Handbook, Chapter 28.1 | website=Space Telescope Science Institute | access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref> The zero point is used to calibr ...r.jpg|thumb|Vega, the star typically used as the zero point in photometric systems]] ...

...nt side to the other points in the square (for 2D systems) or cube (for 3D systems).{{sfn|Nielson|Hamann|1991|p=84}} In a 2D case this means that there are tw {{Portal-inline|Science}} ...

| journal = Science | doi =10.1126/science.286.5441.942| pmid = 10542145 ...

...ning through the Type System of Aldor| book-title = Frontiers of Combining Systems| location = Nancy, France| access-date = 2017-01-27| url = https://kar.kent Two computer algebra systems named '''Scratchpad''' were developed by [[IBM]]. The first one was started ...

..., According to Game Theorists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/3325470/The-EU-constitution-is-unfair-according-to-game-theorists.html {{Portal|Mathematics|Political science}} ...

{{Short description|Concept in the science of signs}} ...lar semiology''') is a concept in the field of [[semiotics]], which is the science of signs. ...

...e search (MCTS) is used by Google DeepMind to help artificial intelligence systems make decisions, especially in complex games like Go. It works by simulating DeepMind's use of MCTS in AlphaGo and subsequent systems produced several breakthrough results: ...

{{Time sidebar |science}} ...m different groups with different geometries. Time independent Hamiltonian systems form a group of time translations that is described by the non-compact, [[A ...

...d=1-s2.0-S1877050914007029-main.pdf&_valck=1 | journal = Procedia Computer Science | volume = 32 | pages = 856–861 | doi = 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.502 | doi-a ...This characteristic is sometimes referred to as cognitive. While adaptive systems allow for robustness under a variety of scenarios (often unknown during sys ...

...Expressions for Electoral Systems |journal=[[British Journal of Political Science]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=467–4 ....com/books?id=A1tNCQg2QKEC |title=Evaluation and Optimization of Electoral Systems |last2=Manzi |first2=Cecilia |last3=Pennisi |first3=Aline |last4=Ricca |fir ...

...vermelho.org.br/noticia/274705-10|title=Marília Chaves Peixoto, pioneer of science in Brazil|work=Vermelho|date=1 May 2016|accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> I ...]]s, Peixoto was appointed an associate member of the Brazilian Academy of Science on 12 June 1951. She was the first Brazilian woman to join the organization ...

..., [[Maxwell relations|Maxwell's relations]], [[stability of thermodynamics systems]], and [[first-order phase transition]]s. As the author lays down the basic ...odynamics and seeks to illuminate the crucial role thermodynamics plays in science.<ref name=":4" /> ...

...3ExplanatorySupplementAstronomicalAlmanac |date=1992 |publisher=University Science Books |isbn=0-935702-68-7}}</ref> ...rapidly and unpredictably varying things such as [[ocean current]]s, wind systems, and hypothesised motions in the liquid [[nickel-iron]] [[outer core|outer ...

A statement can be called valid, i.e. logical truth, in some systems of logic like in Modal logic if the statement is true in all interpretation {{Portal|Philosophy}} ...

...characteristics of cavities, which are important in the field of microwave systems, and more generally in the field of electro magnetism. ...uding microwave ovens, microwave communication systems, and remote imaging systems using electro magnetic waves. How a resonant cavity performs can affect the ...

...al=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=69 |pages=381–390 |doi=10.1080/1478644810862 ...and the Conceptual Discovery of the Electron |journal=Occasional Papers in Science and Technology |volume=8 |pages=5–28 }}</ref> due to Stoney using the appro ...

...ssure-Equalized Rain Screen Walls," Donaldson, Barry, ed.. ''Exterior wall systems: glass and concrete technology, design, and construction''. Philadelphia, P ...iles/doc/ctu-sc/ctu-n17_eng.pdf ''Pressure Equalization in Rainscreen Wall Systems'', National Research Council of Canada]. Retrieved 2013-12-01</ref><ref>[ht ...

...framework, algorithms, and applications|journal=Knowledge and Information Systems|volume=50|issue=3|language=en|pages=689–722|doi=10.1007/s10115-016-0965-5|i ...">Tijana Milenković, Vesna Memisević, Anand K. Ganesan, and Nataša Pržulj, Systems-level Cancer Gene Identification from Protein Interaction Network Topology ...

...e Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the [[USSR Academy of Science]] in Novosibirsk in Russia. In 1990 he left the Soviet Union for Italy, and ...nguage=ru|volume=133|issue=5|pages=999–1002|via=[[All-Russian Mathematical Portal]]}}<br /> English translation: {{Cite journal|last=Vinogradov|first=A. M.|d ...