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{{for|exposure factor in photography |exposure value}} '''Exposure factor''' (EF), in [[risk management]], ...

...the slope dictates the amount of return that comes with a certain level of risk.]] .... The graph displays the return to be made by taking on a certain level of risk. Its slope is known as the "'''reward-to-variability ratio'''". ...

{{Short description|Risk of the actual return being below the expected return}} ...c/page/n17 2]–3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Essentials of financial risk management|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsfinanc00kaho|url-access=limited|f ...

...idely used [[Sharpe ratio]], but it has the significant advantage of being in units of [[rate of return|percent return]] (as opposed to the [[Sharpe rati ...t=William F.|year=1994|title=The Sharpe Ratio|journal=Journal of Portfolio Management|volume=1994|issue=Fall|pages=49–58|doi=10.3905/jpm.1994.409501|s2cid=553944 ...

{{Short description|Concept in gambling, insurance, and finance}} ...isk of ruin'' accumulates with the number of bets: each play increases the risk, and persistent play ultimately yields the [[stochastic]] certainty of [[ga ...

...first=Stephen A.| title=Managing Projects as Investments: Earned Value to Business Value| publisher=CRC Press, pp. 46-57, 2014|isbn=978-1-4822-1270-9 }}</ref> ...'.<ref>{{cite book|title= Essentials of Project Control| publisher=Project Management Institute, Inc., edited by Pinto & Trailer, Newtown Square, PA, 1999, pp. 1 ...

...ding strategy]] or by businesses to judge market sentiment and make better business decisions. ...ket surveillance and compliance. There is however a good deal of variation in the quality, effectiveness and completeness of currently available solution ...

...tps://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanagement.asp|title=Portfolio Management|author=Investopedia Staff|date=2003-11-25|work=Investopedia|access-date=201 ...e potential return percentage of an investment vehicle based on its vested risk appetite.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.investopedia.com/university/conce ...

...ry/terms/i/increased-limit-factors.aspx|title=Glossary of Insurance & Risk Management Terms: Increased limit factors}}</ref><ref name=palm>{{citation|url=https:/ ...s available to determine appropriate charges for high limits of insurance. In order to price policies with high limits of insurance adequately, [[actuari ...

| support =<math>x \in [a,c]\,</math> In [[probability]] and [[statistics]], the '''[[Program evaluation and review ...

...for security selection published by [[Fischer Black]] and [[Jack Treynor]] in 1973. The model assumes an investor who considers that most securities are ...is proportional to the alpha value divided by the variance of the residual risk. ...

...e true median of a population lies between the smallest and largest values in any [[random sample]] of five taken from that population. ...sent the population. This statistical tool is used across disciplines like business research<ref name="Amadio_et_al_2014"/>, software engineering<ref name="Dar ...

...an |date=September 2020 |title=Firm-Level Risk Exposures and Stock Returns in the Wake of COVID-19 |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w27867}}</ref> invest ...eport and ''n'' represents the average industry share of negative keywords in Corona-related sentences. ...

...ing, Stamford|year=1991|edition=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Operations Management|last=Slack|first=N|last2=Chambers|first2=S|last3=Harland|first3=C|last4=Har ...r=2011|edition=2|location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Inventory Management Explained: A Focus on Forecasting, Lot Sizing, Safety Stock, and Ordering S ...

...ime, compared to a simple sum of returns. This diminishment of returns is in increasing proportion to volatility, such that volatility itself appears to ...u need to make 100% to get back to even. I call this cost that transforms, in this case, a portfolio’s +25% average arithmetic return into a zero CAGR (a ...

| institution = [[University of Warsaw]]<br />[[Vlerick Business School]] | field = [[Investment Management]] and [[Financial risk management]] ...

...th similar logic and advantages. Residual Income valuation has its origins in Edwards & Bell (1961), Peasnell (1982), and Ohlson (1995).{{citation needed ...subtracted from net income. Consequently, to create [[shareholder value]], management must generate returns at least as great as this cost. Thus, although a com ...

* A part of the regulatory Capital and RWA ([[risk-weighted asset]]) calculation <ref>[[Basel Committee]] (2020). [https://www ...ank has to buy the hedging instrument. This cost is then allocated to each business line of an investment bank (usually as a contra revenue). This allocated co ...

...ou<ref name="theodossiou" /> in 1998. The distribution has since been used in different applications.<ref name="hansen1" /><ref name="hansen2" /><ref nam In the original parameterization<ref name="theodossiou" /> of the skewed gener ...

{{Short description|Policies in finance}} '''Dividend policy''', in [[financial management]] and [[corporate finance]], is concerned with ...