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...|title=Exchange equilibrium and coalitions|journal=Journal of Mathematical Economics|volume=1|pages=63–66|year=1974|last1=Gale|first1=David}}</ref> ...x and Bob has ten units of commodity y. Then, the market opens for trade. In equilibrium, Alice's bundle is (4,2), i.e, she has four units of x and two ...

...sible and empirically irrelevant}}</ref> is a [[probabilistic model]] used in [[social choice theory]] for analyzing [[Ranked voting|ranked]] [[Electoral ...h such calculations, the paradox is assuredly very unlikely to be observed in reality.}}</ref> ...

{{Short description|Result in social choice theory}}{{Electoral systems sidebar|expanded=Social and colle ...ce, then choosing policies using [[majority rule]] is unstable. There will in most cases be no [[Condorcet winner]] and any policy can be enacted through ...

{{short description|Theory that attempts to blend economics and ergodic theory}} ...ation value with time averages. In particular, the programme is interested in understanding how behaviour is shaped by [[ergodicity|non-ergodic]] economi ...

...studied in the context of [[Mathematics of apportionment|apportionment]]. In this context, failure to satisfy coherence is called the '''new states para .../math>. For example, it can be an integer representing the number of seats in a ''h''ouse of representatives. The resource should be allocated between so ...

...Bruun's 1995 Dissertation: ''"Logical Structures and Algorithmic Behavior in A Credit Economy"'' ([http://personer.samf.aau.dk/charlotte-bruun/downloads ...assbeck-economics.de/die-monetaere-konjunkturtheorie-von-keynes/ flassbeck-economics: ''Die monetäre Konjunkturtheorie von Keynes'']:<br>"Es existiert ein Wider ...

{{Economics sidebar}} ...n]] and [[Robert Solow]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. ...

{{Green economics sidebar}}{{Too technical|date=September 2021}} ...com/10.1007/978-3-030-03152-7_8|work=Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy|pages=183–222|editor-last=Doukas|editor-first=Har ...

...enomena does not presuppose the existence of microscopic quantum processes in the human brain.<ref name=deBarrosSuppes2009>{{cite journal |last1=de Barro ...ntial of using quantum theory to build models of cognition |journal=Topics in Cognitive Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=672–688 |doi=10.1111/tops.12043 ...

...=Rabin |first2=Matthew |title=Optimal sin taxes |journal=Journal of Public Economics |date=November 2006 |volume=90 |issue=10–11 |pages=1825–1849 |doi=10.1016/j ...s with derivatives |journal=International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology |date=2009 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=309 |doi=10.1504/IJCAT.200 ...

...'''Pascal's mugging''' is a [[thought experiment]] demonstrating a problem in expected utility maximization. A [[rational agent]] should choose actions w ...009}} Philosopher [[Nick Bostrom]] later elaborated the thought experiment in the form of a fictional dialogue.{{Sfn|Bostrom|2009}} Subsequently, other a ...

...ging their original shape. However, the pieces themselves are not "solids" in the traditional sense, but infinite scatterings of [[Point (geometry)|point ...formal definition of volumes. However, this is not applicable here because in this case it is impossible to define the volumes of the considered subsets. ...

...ority judgment''' ('''MJ''') is a single-winner [[voting system]] proposed in 2010 by [[Michel Balinski]] and [[Rida Laraki]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cit ...[Dictatorship mechanism|dictatorship]]), MJ allows for [[tactical voting]] in cases of more than three candidates, as a consequence of [[Gibbard's theore ...

|field = [[Economics]] |school_tradition = [[Post-Keynesian economics]] ...

...real life. The first such evaluation was conducted by Chamberlin and Cohen in 1978, who measured the frequency with which certain non-Condorcet systems e ....<ref>M. J. A. N. de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet. His book was published in 1785. The title may be translated as "Essay on the application of probabili ...

...ence the theory of conjoint measurement can be used to quantify attributes in empirical circumstances where it is not possible to combine the levels of t ...sts of the cancellation axioms of conjoint measurement have been developed in the past decade (e.g., Karabatsos, 2001; Davis-Stober, 2009). ...

| field = [[Physics]], [[geophysics]], [[complex systems]], [[economics]], [[finance]] ...modeling of earthquakes, physics of complex systems and pattern formation in spatio-temporal structures ...

...]]s worth $5.3&nbsp;billion every year. That is 100% of commercial almonds in the United States, 100% of all of North America, and 80% of commercial almo ...was {{convert|328|acre|ha}}, significantly less than the average farm size in the{{nbsp}}U.S. of {{convert|444|acre|ha}}.<ref name="California Department ...