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...y of logic]], [[Philosophy of language]], [[Philosophy of mathematics]], [[Metaphysics]], [[Analytic Philosophy|Early Analytic Philosophy]] (especially [[Gottlob |work_institutions = [[University of California, Irvine]] ...

...Toronto]] <small>([[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]])</small><br />[[University of California, Berkeley]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small> ...], [[philosophy of language]], [[philosophy of mathematics]], [[philosophy of mind]] ...

{{Short description|Probabilistic theory of knowledge}} ...se norms can be divided into static constraints, governing the rationality of beliefs at any moment, and dynamic constraints, governing how rational agen ...

...[[wikt:doxastic|doxastic]] attitude. For example, a perceptual experience of a tree may serve as evidence to justify the belief that there is a tree. In ...[[theory-ladenness]] are two obstacles that threaten to undermine the role of scientific evidence. ...

{{Short description|Range of application for a quantifier or connective in a logical formula}} ...k|glossary=Glossary of logic|subordinate connective}} are defined in terms of whether a connective includes another ''within its scope''.'''<ref name="Le ...

...]].<ref>[[Willard Van Orman Quine|Quine, Willard Van Orman]], ''Philosophy of Logic''.</ref> ...ttp://www.iep.utm.edu/logcon/ Logical Consequence]'' Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</ref> ...

{{short description|Study of the scope and nature of logic}} ...to the philosophy of logic as the discipline investigating the properties of formal logical systems, like [[consistency]] and [[Completeness (logic)|com ...

...5=Ralph |first5=Timothy C. |date=2014-06-19 |title=Experimental simulation of closed timelike curves |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5145 |jou ...al [[paradox]]es. If a time traveler attempts to change the past, the laws of physics will ensure that events unfold in a way that avoids paradoxes. This ...

...s New Mind]]'' (1989), where he used it to provide the basis of his theory of consciousness: [[orchestrated objective reduction]]. ...truth"). However, Gödel's statement is actually true in the standard model of natural numbers. See {{cite book |author=Mendelson, Elliot |title=Introduct ...

....edu/research/iep/r/reductio.htm |encyclopedia = The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title = Reductio ad absurdum |author = Nicholas Rescher |access ...absurd" conclusion of a ''reductio ad absurdum'' argument can take a range of forms, as these examples show: ...

...ed Z. Buchwald|author2=Robert Fox|title=The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SxoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|date=10 ...coveries later played prominent roles in physical theories, as in the case of the conic sections in [[celestial mechanics]].]] ...

| name = Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] ...

{{short description|Translation of a text into a logical system}} ...of how to translate an English sentence into first-order logic|Translation of an English sentence to first-order logic]] ...

{{Short description|Study of correct reasoning}} {{About|the study of correct reasoning||Logic (disambiguation)|and|Logician (disambiguation)}} ...

{{Short description|Argument for the existence of God}} ...d ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'' in regard to the organization of the universe, whereby, if such organizational structure is true, [[God]] mu ...

...ne object while preferences concern a comparison between two alternatives, of which one is preferred to the other. ...ferences|url=http://jcr.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/2/123|journal=Journal of Consumer Research|language=en|volume=9|issue=2|pages=123–131|doi=10.1086/20 ...

{{Short description|Interpretation of quantum mechanics}} {{Quantum mechanics|cTopic=[[Interpretation of quantum mechanics|Interpretations]]}} ...

The following list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by peop ...r-understanding-with-exoplanet-discovery/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> ...

{{see also|List of logicians}} {{wiktionary|Appendix:Glossary of logic}} ...

{{short description|Determining the probability of future events based on past events}} ...ical basis for [[learning]] and the perception of patterns. It is a source of [[knowledge]] about the world. ...