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{{Short description|Measure of income inequality}} ...takes larger positive values as incomes become more unequal, especially at the high end. ...

...le:Consumer Leverage Ratio.webp|thumb|449x449px|Consumer Leverage Ratio in the US]] ...t. Louis]]}}</ref> and the [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] of the [[United States Department of Commerce|US Department of Commerce]].{{Citation needed|date=F ...

...nt of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Department]]. The formula for calculating the NIA of a contribution is: ...the amount that is effectively removed is the original excess amount less the NIA. ...

...urve]] Rates”, which are used by investors to price debt securities traded in public markets, and by lenders to set interest rates on many other types of ...zzi op cit |page=87}}</ref> Par yield analysis is useful because it avoids the coupon effect, since a bond trading at par has a coupon yield equal to its ...

{{About|the Rosser's equation in economics|the similarly-named equation in physics|Rosser's equation (physics)}} ...ved the year after the Trust Fund would be exhausted, to those of the same income level for an initial year. ...

...umption.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chao|first=Hsiang-Ke|title=A Structure of the Consumption Function|journal=Journal of Economic Methodology|volume=14|numb ...idea of [[rational expectations]] into his consumption models and sets up the model so that consumers will maximize their utility. ...

{{Short description|Variation of demand for goods with respect to income increase}} ...come, quantity demanded for a good or service were to increase by 20%, the income elasticity of demand would be 20%/10% = 2.0. ...

...h refers to the study of designing [[income tax|a tax on individual labour income]] such that a given economic criterion like [[social welfare]] is optimized ...ing high-productivity people at higher rates than low-productivity people. The government seeks to maximise a [[Utilitarianism|utilitarian social welfare] ...

...sale]]s has expired." This allows investors to lower their tax amount with the use of investment losses.<ref name="www.cbsnews.comnews">{{Citation |title= ...into future years if unused.<ref name="www.cnn.com/2018">{{Citation|title=The best way to cut your stock market losses |date=22 November 2018 |publisher= ...

{{Short description|Characteristic in consumer theory}} ...eferences can be represented by a utility function <math>u</math> that has the following property: for every <math>a>0</math>: ...

...nother method of revenue recognition for long-term construction contracts, the [[completed-contract method]]. ...ed wherein the revenues are determined based on the costs incurred so far. The percentage of completion method is used when: ...

{{Short description|Concept in economics}} ...D_t</math>. The [[net (economics)|net]] increment to the capital stock is the difference between gross investment and depreciation, and is called [[net i ...

...ration date, the combatants then can start selling that particular drug in the market. This was a Patent Cliff.<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://ec.europa.eu/ | title = Biosimilars: Company Strategies to Capture Value from the Biologics Market ...

...]] of income tax savings resulting from the [[tax deduction]] generated by the [[Amortization (tax law)|amortization]] of an [[intangible asset]]. ...resent value of these savings is to be estimated and included as a part of the fair market value when valuing an intangible asset. ...

...[[Harvard University]], [[Vanderbilt University]], Oxford University, and the [[University of Michigan]]. ...n Sociological Association for "a career of distinguished contributions to the field of sociological methodology." His publications are highly cited by ot ...

...ween their two currencies over the same period. It is a dynamic version of the absolute [[purchasing power parity]] theory.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Relative A reason for the prominence of this concept in economic research is the fact that most countries publish inflation data normalized to an arbitrary ...

A borrowing limit is the amount of money that individuals could borrow from other individuals, firms ...e the natural borrowing limit, it implies they are allowed to borrow up to the sum of all their future incomes. ...

...tax relief in respect of royalties and other income from licenses patented in Ireland. .../docs/Global_Tax_Weekly.pdf |accessdate=2014-10-18 |url-status=dead |title=The Cyprus Intellectual Property Rights 'Box' |first=Elias |last=Neoclous |arch ...

{{Short description|Diminishing of value in an asset}} ...assets such as buildings, land, machinery, and equipment; these assets are the most likely to experience impairment, which may be caused by several factor ...

...tant because they provide an explanation of the [[equity premium puzzle]], the behavior of [[interest rates]], and other [[economic history|economic pheno ...d War II]], and regional conflicts; [[epidemic]]s: influenza outbreaks and the Asian Flu; weather events; and [[earthquake]]s and [[tsunami]]s; however, a ...