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|title=Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Physics and Materials Properties ...arrison/> A useful approximation for the matrix elements in [[direct gap]] semiconductors is:<ref name=DirectGap>A ''direct gap'' semiconductor is one where the vale ...

...miconductors.png|thumb|The phonon energy and density of states for various semiconductors and semimetals.]] [[File:Bandgap of Various Semiconductors.png|thumb|The band gap of various semiconductors and semimetals.]]As outlined above, an efficient pV cell requires a materia ...

...b.png|thumb|300px|right|Figure 2: Harrison electron energy diagram for III-IV compound semiconductor GaAs. Same as for Si, the crystal is built with the Compound semiconductors, such as GaAs, have dangling bond states that are nearer to the band edges ...

...3 |title=Spin-charge interconversion in heterostructures based on group-IV semiconductors |journal=La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento |date=17 February 2020 |volume=43 |is ...008">{{cite book |last1=Dyakonov |first1=Mikhail I. |title=Spin physics in semiconductors |date=2008 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-78819-5}}</ref> ...

...quently, the technique has been extended to [[Boron group|III]]–[[Nitrogen group|V]] [[semiconductor]]s, [[silicon carbide]], [[metal]]s such as [[titanium] ...feedbacks withdraw the tip from the sample stretching the liquid meniscus. IV: After the meniscus is broken the tip recovers its original oscillation amp ...

...ort light pulses |journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IV |date=December 2001 |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=1415–1426 |doi=10.1016/S1296 ...2=Szipöcs |first2=R. |last3=Osvay |first3=K. |last4=Bor |first4=Zs. |title=Group-delay measurement on laser mirrors by spectrally resolved white-light inter ...

...1/34310079/1/Bilayer_revision.pdf }}</ref> Later in the same year a Korean group reported the synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal AB-stacked bilayer gra ...doi = 10.1038/nature14364 |pmid= 25901686 |s2cid= 4448055 }}</ref> Another group showed that the band gap of bilayer films on silicon carbide could be contr ...

=== Semiconductors === ...Soummer |title= Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV|chapter= The Gemini Planet Imager coronagraph testbed|volume= 7440|pages= 7 ...

...metallic silicides, with the exceptions of [[silver]], [[gold]] and the [[group 12 elements]]. The general composition is M_nSi or MSi<sub>n</sub ...ich decreases with temperature, some silicides classified as metals may be semiconductors. ...

...le=Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=P135}}</ref> These localized sites are con ...X⁺ that won't further exchange the charge with the neighboring group M.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kuder|first1=J.M.|last2=Limburg|first2=W.W.|las ...

...hree classes of materials: transition-metal complexes, organic dyes, and [[semiconductors]]. While organic photoredox catalysts were dominant throughout the 1990s an ...ausing fragmentation of the substrate and oxidizing the catalyst to the Ir(IV) oxidation state. The oxidized photocatalyst is returned to its original ox ...

...Buonassisi|first4=Tonio|date=20 May 2015|title=Identifying defect-tolerant semiconductors with high minority-carrier lifetimes: beyond hybrid lead halide perovskites ...ice parameter can be rewritten to describe the change in band gap for many semiconductors. The change in band gap directly affects the energy or [[wavelength]] of [[ ...

...Ion implantation|ion implanters]] for the manufacturing of [[Semiconductor|semiconductors]], and [[Accelerator mass spectrometry|accelerator mass spectrometers]] for ...khaven National Laboratory]]. In Europe, there are [[MAX IV Laboratory|MAX IV]] in Lund, Sweden, [[BESSY]] in Berlin, Germany, [[Diamond Light Source|Dia ...

...Technology |date=February 26, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, the same group introduced flexible organic thin-film solar cells integrated into fabric.<r ...st5=Thygesen |first5=Kristian S. |date=2022-11-02 |title=Indirect Band Gap Semiconductors for Thin-Film Photovoltaics: High-Throughput Calculation of Phonon-Assisted ...

...tovoltaic cell]] technologies based on a [[heterojunction]] formed between semiconductors with dissimilar [[band gap]]s. They are a hybrid technology, combining aspe ...r cells and plants|Sanyo Electric Co.]] (now a subsidiary of [[Panasonic]] Group) filed several patents pertaining to heterojunction devices including a-Si ...

Perovskite semiconductors offer an option that has the potential to rival the efficiency of multi-jun ...cells, when utilized correctly. [[Chirality]] can be produced in inorganic semiconductors by enantiomeric distortions near the surface of the lattice, electronic cou ...