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...s of reaction]] are allowed, but [[thermodynamic equilibrium|thermodynamic equilibrium proper]] is not required.<ref>1. Fishtik, I.; Nagypál, I.; Gutman, I. J. Ch ...e [[Le Chatelier principle]] can be interpreted. With the help of RERs the equilibrium coupling was defined.<ref>[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp060951k Ho ...

In [[game theory]], the common ways to describe a game are the [[normal-form game|normal for For a general <math>n</math> players game, in which each player has <math>m</math> possib ...

...r''' or '''antiplane strain'''<ref>W. S. Slaughter, 2002, ''The Linearized Theory of Elasticity'', Birkhauser</ref> is a special state of [[Deformation (mech == Equilibrium equation for antiplane shear == ...

...his occurs even when the thermal mass and the environment are in [[thermal equilibrium]], i.e. at the same time-average temperature. If a device has a temperature ...all components of the circuit are held at the same temperature. A general equilibrium model for phonon noise is usually impossible because different components o ...

...m Wexler, "Network Formation Games". Chapter 19 in {{Cite Algorithmic Game Theory 2007}}</ref>{{rp|502-506}} The game has the following components: == Equilibrium == ...

...g offered to the marketplace is being sold. If the price is lower than the equilibrium price, excess demand will normally be positive, meaning that there is a [[s ...eighted total excess demand is 0, whether or not the economy is in general equilibrium. This implies that if there is excess demand for one commodity, there must ...

{{Short description|Generalization of games used in game theory}} ...pure strategies. The continuous game concepts allows games to include more general sets of pure strategies, which may be [[uncountable|uncountably infinite]]. ...

...ctrode: potential-dependent activation energies over platinum from quantum theory|year=2004|last1=Cai|first1=Yu|last2=Anderson|first2=Alfred B.|journal=The J In general, for a hydrogen electrode in which the reduction of the [[hydronium]] ions ...

...rcutting'', where epsilon represents an arbitrarily small amount) thus the equilibrium is zero (this is sometimes called the [[Bertrand paradox (economics)|Bertra ...]]).<ref>{{cite news|last=Edgeworth|first=Francis|year=1889|title=The pure theory of monopoly}}, reprinted in {{cite book|title=Collected Papers relating to ...

...rasian equilibrium]] in microeconomics, and a [[Nash equilibrium]] in game-theory. ...n-complete preferences.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=1975-12-01|title=Equilibrium in abstract economies without ordered preferences|journal=Journal of Mathem ...

...arious types of radiative equilibrium, which is itself a kind of [[dynamic equilibrium]]. ...t change in time. Radiative equilibrium is the specific case of [[thermal equilibrium]], for the case in which the exchange of heat is done by radiative heat tra ...

...determination of SIT interaction coefficients also yields the value of the equilibrium constant at infinite dilution. ...d]] will be used to simplify the presentation. The [[Equilibrium chemistry|equilibrium]] for [[protonation]] of the [[conjugate base]], A⁻ of the acid ...

{{Short description|Game theory concept}} In [[game theory]], an '''aggregative game''' is a game in which every player’s payoff is a ...

...s in an unstable equilibrium (semi-stable). This analogy with [[mechanical equilibrium]] motivates the terminology of stability and instability.]] ...al theory of stability does not exist (although one attempt to form such a theory is [[Bridgeland stability]]), and this article serves to summarise and comp ...

...re called ''market-clearing prices''. A CE always exists, even in the more general [[Arrow–Debreu model]]. The main challenge is to find a CE. == Computing an equilibrium == ...

{{about|balance equations in probability theory|the concept of balanced equations in chemistry|chemical equation}} In [[probability theory]], a '''balance equation''' is an [[equation]] that describes the probabili ...

...single limiting resource, then whichever species can survive at the lowest equilibrium resource level (i.e., the R*) can outcompete all other species.<ref name="t ...l 2005 |title=A Critical Review of Twenty Years' Use of the Resource-Ratio Theory |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=165 |issue=4 |pages=439–448 |doi=1 ...

...f state]] which are commonly used to model systems in which [[Vapor–liquid equilibrium|vapour-liquid equilibria]] are prevalent, or systems where both gases and l === In Equilibrium Calculations === ...

...ing it. The most common example is the evolution of a population: the only equilibrium is when there is no one left, but if we model the number of people it is l The general definition<ref name="Collet 2013">{{Cite book|last1=Collet|first1=Pierre|la ...

...esponse]] of an observable quantity due to a time-dependent [[Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)|perturbation]]. ==General Kubo formula== ...