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...lications in R&D for new pharmaceutical products as well as [[personalized medicine]]. ...xploring the consequences of the effect model-based approach. Personalized Medicine 2011, 8, 581–586.</ref> <math>\scriptstyle{ Rt= a \times Rc + b}</math> ...

...ate=2005|title=Why Most Published Research Findings Are False|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=2|issue=8|pages=e124|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124|issn=1549-1277 ...lower, then this will push the PPV lower too. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that the average statistical power of a study in many scientific fields is ...

...st on the same individual, which is more common in tests for [[monitoring (medicine)|monitoring]]. The most important systematic ''reference group''-based methods to estimate post-test probability includes the ones summarized and ...

In medicine, '''monitoring''' is the observation of a disease, condition or one or seve Old [[analog signal|analog]] patient displays, in contrast, were based on [[oscilloscope]]s, and had one channel only, usually reserved for electr ...

...itle=Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion|journal=Magnetic Resonance in Medicine|date=1990|volume=14|issue=2|pages=283–292|doi=10.1002/mrm.1910140213|pmid=2 ...a link between IVIM and classical perfusion.|journal=Magnetic Resonance in Medicine|date=1992|volume=27|issue=1|pages=171–8|pmid=1435202|doi=10.1002/mrm.191027 ...

Consecutively, and based on the null model, we can derive that the [[Normal distribution|normalized The disparity filter algorithm is based on [[p-value]]<ref> ...

...2014 (14495218155).jpg|thumb|These [[contrail]]s at an [[airshow]] provide evidence regarding the aircraft's flight path.]] ...private [[mental state]]. In [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]], evidence is limited to intuitive knowledge, often associated with the controversial ...

...directly proportional to metabolic oxygen consumption, which experimental evidence indicates is close enough to work.<ref name="Larsson 2000" /> ...tion of respiratory minute volume at surface pressure and the dosage ratio based on the dosage chamber volume. The values for dosage ratio are 60% for the l ...

...e=What Is Your Estimand? Defining the Target Quantity Connects Statistical Evidence to Theory|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211004187|journal=American So ...purpose or objective of an analysis. It describes what is to be estimated based on the question of interest.<ref name="NASreport">{{cite book|last1=Nationa ...

The term negative controls is used when the study is based on observations, while the [[Placebo]] should be used as a non-treatment in ...zil |first4=Kathleen M |last5=Weiss |first5=Noel S |date=2005-12-20 |title=Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors |url=htt ...

...rapping, permutation testing and the method of surrogate data." Physics in Medicine & Biology 44.6 (1999): L11</ref> and [[Bootstrapping (statistics)|parametri ...they are non-parametric methods. These surrogate data methods are usually based on preserving the linear structure of the original series (for instance, by ...

...on on non-verbal cognition. In an initial series of studies Schooler found evidence that verbal rehearsal of previously seen faces or colors markedly impaired ...erimenter who does not believe in [[Parapsychology|psi]] would discover no evidence for psi, while the same experiment would when performed by an experiment wh ...

...iology in the [[Big Data Institute]], part of the [[Nuffield Department of Medicine]] at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web|url=https:/ ...rticle physics]]. He converted to infectious disease epidemiology in 1998, based first at the University of Oxford then at [[Imperial College London]], wher ...

...r agonist''', also known as '''β₃-AR agonist''', are a class of medicine that bind selectively to β₃-adrenergic receptors. ...rug Administration|Food and drug Administration]] (FDA) as a medicine. The medicine is called Mirabegron and is used to treat OAB.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url ...

...tion|scientific causal notation]]. Causal inference is said to provide the evidence of causality theorized by [[causal reasoning]]. ...s employ different [[epidemiological method]]s of collecting and measuring evidence of risk factors and effect and different ways of measuring association betw ...

...ccess = free }}</ref> Studies in human [[monozygotic twins]] have provided evidence that genetic factors affect "normal" sleep patterns as well, meaning ones w ...layed sleep onset and offset, has an unknown human prevalence and may vary based on location, definition, and age.<ref name=":7" /> ...

...neurons receive inputs, perform a weighted sum, and fire an output signal based on a threshold function. By connecting these units in various configuration ...rl=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/46504 |journal=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=217–226 |doi=10.1353/pbm.2000.0009 ...

...ong-duration]] flights is a relatively recent topic of interest to [[space medicine]] professionals. Although reported [[signs and symptoms]] have not appeare ...easures Element|date=12 July 2012|url=http://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Evidence/reports/VIIP.pdf}}</ref> [[Optic disc]] [[edema]], globe flattening, [[Chor ...

...ther or with other [[molecule]]s. Formation of a protein-ligand complex is based on molecular recognition between biological [[macromolecule]]s and ligands, ...ng In Silico Approach|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=2015|page=497253|doi=10.1155/2015/497253|issn=1741-427X|pmc=4508340| ...

Ofqual's ''Direct Centre Performance model'' is based on the record of each centre (school or college) in the subject being asses :<math>q_{kj}</math> is the predicted grade distribution based on the class’s prior attainment at GCSEs. ''A class with mostly 9s (the top ...