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...The study of visual changes and ICP in [[astronaut]]s on [[long-duration spaceflight|long-duration]] flights is a relatively recent topic of interest to [[space ...estby|first13= CM|last14=Zanello|first14=SB|title=Evidence Report: Risk of spaceflight-induced intracranial hypertension and vision alterations|journal=Human Rese ...

...', 19 de dezembro de|1958|p=15}} The project also had the collaboration of scientists [[Carlos Chagas Filho]] and [[César Lattes]].{{sfn|Silva|2020|pp=98-99}} Ca ...957, but it was delayed twice and by December 1958 they hoped to launch in early January 1959.{{sfn|''Diário de Pernambuco'', 19 de dezembro de|1958|p=15}} ...

...h centuries, [[Russia]] produced many notable [[List of Russian scientists|scientists]], making important contributions in [[physics]], [[astronomy]], [[mathemat ...eduction of state support for science and technology, leading many Russian scientists and university graduates to move to Western Europe or the United States. In ...

...the Early Universe|url=https://www.gemini.edu/pr/monster-black-hole-found-early-universe|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Gemini Observatory|language=en}}</r ...er how first quasars in universe formed |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-scientists-quasars-universe.html |website=phys.org |publisher=Provided by University o ...

...> The coldest regions on Pluto, on average, are at 30° N. and S. latitude; early in Pluto's history, ice would tend to accumulate at these latitudes in a ru ...of {{val|180000|-90000|+40000}} years.<ref name="LPSC2017Buhler" /> Other scientists have proposed that sublimation at the surface of the planitia is responsibl ...

...in the same cluster is equivalent to their absolute magnitude and so this early diagram was effectively a plot of luminosity against temperature. The same Russell's early (1913) versions of the diagram included Maury's giant stars identified by H ...

...ite systems of Uranus,<ref name="Mousis 2004"/> Saturn, and Jupiter). This early cloud of gas is a type of circumplanetary disk<ref name=dangelo_podolak_201 ...oposed mechanism for satellite system formation is accretion from debris. Scientists theorise that the Galilean moons are thought by some to be a more recent ge ...

...end of the war von Braun engineered the surrender of 500 of his top rocket scientists, along with plans and test vehicles, to the Americans. They arrived at [[Fo In the early 1950s, the US government wanted to insulate itself against over-dependency ...

...its distribution, and processes affecting how snowpacks change over time. Scientists improve storm forecasting, study global snow cover and its effect on climat [[File:Snowflakeschapte00warriala-p11-p21-p29-p39.jpg|thumb|right|An early classification of snowflakes by [[Israel Perkins Warren]].<ref> ...

...s that formed soon after the [[Big Bang]]. In the [[inflationary era]] and early [[Scale factor (cosmology)#Radiation-dominated era|radiation-dominated]] un ...les were proposed by some researchers to explain the unexpected very large early galaxies discovered by the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] (JWST).<ref name= ...

| main_interests = [[Kalam]], [[Early Islamic philosophy|Islamic Philosophy]], [[Islamic astronomy|Astronomy]], [ ...as '''(al-)Tusi''', was a [[Persians|Persian]] [[polymath]], architect, [[Early Islamic philosophy|philosopher]], [[Islamic medicine|physician]], [[Islamic ...

...16034154/https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/astrophysics/did-the-sun-have-an-early-binary-companion/}}</ref> Both researchers proposed a search for ʻOumuamua- ...hereby becoming interstellar objects. Such a process was initiated in the early 1980s when [[C/1980 E1]], initially gravitationally bound to the Sun, passe ...

...exploring establishing a Space Corps or Space Force in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The idea of establishing a Space Force was resurrected in the late 2 [[File:AN FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning radar (UEWR) (7414560082).jpg|thumb|Missile warning radar at [[Pitu ...

In early 1978, the Soviet spacecraft [[Kosmos 954]], powered by a 45-kilogram highly ...the [[RORSAT]] program deployed by the Soviet Union. In the case of crewed spaceflight, nuclear power concepts that can power both life support and propulsion sys ...

{{Cosmology|scientists}} ...ity]] and [[cosmology]]. In 1963, at age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of [[motor neurone disease]]<!-- please DON'T c ...

...anguage by combining [[Old Church Slavonic]] with vernacular tongue in his early grammar; influenced [[Russian poetry]] through his [[ode]]s ==Earth scientists== ...

...re developed from radio tracking data.[[File:GMM-3 Mars Gravity.webm|thumb|Scientists measured the perturbation of different spacecraft through Doppler and range ...t an extensive buried structure as large as over 600&nbsp;km, predated the early-Noachian buried surface.<ref name=":0" /> ...

...hRvL..96k1102B |s2cid=23409406}}</ref> Therefore, during the late 20th and early 21st century, binary black holes became of great interest scientifically as ...hive.org/web/20160212081032/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/einstein-was-right-scientists-detect-gravitational-waves-in-breakthrough/ |archive-date=12 February 2016 ...

"Pea" galaxies were first discovered in 2007 by the volunteer [[citizen scientists]] within the forum section of the online [[astronomy]] project [[Galaxy Zoo ...ng the Green Peas may tell us something about how stars were formed in the early Universe and how galaxies evolve".<ref name=gzyale/> ...

...o the present day|[[Big History]]|chronology as timeline|[[timeline of the early universe]]}} === Very early universe === ...