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...ss the problem of [[omitted variable bias|omitted variables]] with [[panel data]]. It is [[consistent estimator|consistent]] under the assumptions of the [ The estimator requires data on a dependent variable, <math>y_{it}</math>, and independent variables, <m ...

...accomplished by using a combination of differential GPS (DGPS) correction data, transmitting GPS signal phase information, and ambiguity resolution techni ...er of differencing between satellites, differencing between receivers, and differencing between epochs. This should not be construed to mean that this is the only ...

...IT Press, Cambridge, Mass.</ref> Rather than [[first-difference estimator|differencing out]] the unobserved effect ''c_i'', Chamberlain proposed to repl ...nal of Econometrics (18), pp. 5-46</ref><ref>Chamberlain, G. (1984): Panel Data. Handbook of Econometrics, Volume 2, ed. Z. Griliches and M. D. Intriligato ...

...though it is three-time-level scheme, but requires only two time levels of data storage. This results in unconditional stability. It is centered and needs ...eneous property of the flux vectors (where applicable), and hybrid spatial differencing and is most suitable for nonlinear systems in conservation-law form. ADI al ...

...[Largest differencing method#balanced|LDM algorithm]] (called the pairwise differencing method (PDM)). Its expected work-difference is <math>\Theta(1/n)</math>. ...1.1.85|issn=0364-765X}}</ref> presents a balanced variant of the [[Largest differencing method|LDM algorithm]] for ''m''&nbsp;=&nbsp;2, called BLDM. Its expected w ...

...timator used to estimate [[dynamic panel model|dynamic models]] of [[panel data]]. It was proposed in 1991 by [[Manuel Arellano]] and [[Stephen Bond]],<ref | title = Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations ...

=== Using frame differencing === *[[3D data acquisition and object reconstruction]] ...

...communication]] with each character signaled by a start (space) impulse, 5 data impulses and 1½ stop (mark) impulses. At Bletchley Park mark impulses were ...tical. Some descriptions of Tunny decryption refer to addition and some to differencing, i.e. subtraction, but they mean the same thing. The XOR operator is both ...

...e offices including the keeping of a day book recording the most important data. ...for instance, employed a French code. Furthermore, each VN had to contain data which made it a bona fide document; Date of message, and if present, the Jo ...

..."5.1.1 Finite difference methods", pp.&nbsp;107–108.</ref> Another finite differencing method by {{harvtxt|Crandall|Lions|1996}} modifies the formula for the curv ...A new length estimate for curve shortening flow and low regularity initial data ...