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...deposits in [[cave]]s and does not include secondary deposits outside the cave environment.<ref name=Hill&Forti /> ...loured green or blue.<ref name=SmithGK2016 /> Calthemites may also contain minerals such as gypsum.<ref name=SmithGK2016 /><ref name=Hill&Forti /> ...

...ya|Motoji Ikeya]] dated a [[speleothem]] in [[List of caves#Japan|Akiyoshi Cave, Japan]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = http://in-africa.org/wp-content/up ...-first=Michinari|doi-access=free }}</ref> and sometimes to [[Mining|mine]] minerals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sharaf |first1=M.A. |last2=Hassan |first2=Gamal ...

...er directly in the anchialine pool, or sometimes it may be accessible by [[cave diving]]. ...age_number_219_caves.jpg|left|thumb|Crystal Cave, Bermuda is an anchialine cave formed by chemical dissolution of soluble bedrock.]] ...

...but also have very high porosities (due to the structured nature of [[clay minerals]]), which means clays can hold a large volume of water per volume of bulk m ...g overall porosity of a rock. This can be a result of chemical leaching of minerals or the generation of a fracture system. This can replace the primary porosi ...

...sand mining]] took place along the NSW North Coast in an effort to extract minerals including [[zircon]] and [[rutile]].<ref name=":0" /> Although a report exc ...bat colony of an undetermined species is known to reside in the limestone cave on Big Hill.<ref name=":0" /> ...

...76-02-01|title=Hydrogen and oxygen isotope exchange reactions between clay minerals and water|journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta|volume=40|issue=2|pages=2 ...−40‰ via analysis of the isotopic composition for juvenile water. Hydrogen minerals generally have large isotope effects, and the isotopic composition often fo ...