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...' is the process of deriving from a [[Sight (device)|sight]] (in celestial navigation usually obtained using a [[sextant]]) the information needed for establishi * Pub. 249 (formerly H.O. 249, Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation, A.P. 3270 in the UK, 1947&ndash;53, 1+2 volumes)<ref>[https://www.thenauti ...

{{Short description|Type of air data system}} ...f Attack]], and Angle of [[sideslip]]. SADS is used to monitor the primary air data system if there is an anomaly due to sensor faults or system faults.<r ...

In [[mathematical optimization]], '''Zermelo's navigation problem''', proposed in 1931 by [[Ernst Zermelo]], is a classic [[optimal c [[File:Zermelo Navigation under constant wind.png|thumb|Zermelo Navigation with velocity <math>\mathbf v</math>under constant wind <math>\mathbf{w}</m ...

...ow-Thrust Trajectory Optimization Problems |conference=2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference |url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2018-08 ...American Control Conference (ACC) |chapter=Unscented guidance for waypoint navigation of a fixed-wing UAV |date=July 2016|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org ...

The '''radar horizon''' is a critical area of performance for [[air traffic|aircraft detection]] systems, defined by the distance at which the ...to avoid radar detection by using a technique called [[nap-of-the-earth]] navigation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~varshney/cornell/publicati ...

...othetical airship that is evacuated rather than filled with a lighter-than-air gas}} ...ship]] that is [[Vacuum|evacuated]] rather than filled with a lighter-than-air gas such as [[hydrogen]] or [[helium]]. First proposed by Italian [[Jesuit] ...

...me, forming an optical levitation system, by using a focused laser beam in air and liquid.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ashkin|first=Arthur|date=1970|title=Acc ...avigation system]]s (INSs). These are used in such applications as drone [[navigation]] in tunnels and mines, guidance of [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s (UAVs), or ...

{{short description|Class of obsolete radio navigation systems}} ...tions. The receiver is then located at one of the two intersections. Other navigation information can be used to determine at which intersection the receiver is ...

...z crystal oscillator]]s, [[dielectric resonator]]s, sapphire resonators or air-dielectric resonators. * navigation systems, ...

...]] [[sky]]. Within the atmosphere, [[Rayleigh scattering]] of [[light]] by air [[molecule]]s, water, dust, and [[aerosol]]s causes the [[diffuse sky radia ...rns of the sky at twilight and throughout the day as a [[animal navigation|navigation]] tool. Because it is determined purely by the position of the Sun, it is ...

The [[Kármán line]] is generally accepted as the boundary between air and space. This is 100&nbsp;km (62.5 mile).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.f .... This constantly stirs up debris into the lowest several thousand feet of air, and each piece of debris creates a separate reflection. This is called the ...

...ng wheel and six smart screens, capable of functions such as AR real scene navigation and remote vehicle control by mobile phone, including unlocking, temperatur ...name="businesswire" /> The vehicle can autonomously park itself and adjust air suspension height for the best wireless charging alignment with charging ef ...

...them to discover that the longer trajectories in the thinner high-altitude air resulted in the shell having an [[angle of attack]] that produced [[aerodyn ...ner use.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Rocket Liner Would Skirt Space to Speed Air Travel |journal=Popular Science |date=February 1955 |pages=160–161}}</ref>< ...

[[File:Project SPIRE Inertial Navigation Control.jpg|thumb|A 1950s inertial navigation control developed at MIT]] ...Accuracy of Navigation Systems.svg|thumb|Comparison of accuracy of various navigation systems: the radius of the circle indicates the accuracy. A smaller radius ...

...nformation is accumulated and used to predict future position for use with air traffic control, threat estimation, combat system doctrine, gun aiming, mis ...h radar data to aim guns, missiles, and torpedoes associated with military air traffic control and waterway management. ...

...aircraft, for example, [[radar]] and the nearly obsolete Long Range Aid to Navigation [[LORAN|LORAN-C]]. For example, in one radar system, pulses of electromagne ...e made to account for departures of the medium (for example, air)<ref name=air/> from the reference medium of [[Vacuum#Electromagnetism|classical vacuum]] ...

...MEMS Inertial |journal= Inside GNSS: Engineering Solutions for the Global Navigation Satellite System Community |volume=1 |number=2 |year=2006}}</ref> and space ...

...of kilometres, which is much denser than other methods such as [[Satellite navigation|GNSS]] and space-borne passive sensors.<ref name=":1" /> However, the long # Using auxiliary data like [[Satellite navigation|GNSS]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Jingyi |last2=Zebker |first2= ...

...ynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]] concerned with the study of the motion of [[air]]. It is a sub-field of [[fluid dynamics|fluid]] and [[gas dynamics]], and ...d a theory of air resistance which was later verified for low flow speeds. Air resistance experiments were performed by investigators throughout the 18th ...

...o involves non-attitude concepts, such as [[position determination]] and [[navigation]]. ...d they require frequent momentum desaturation maneuvers, which can perturb navigation solutions because of accelerations imparted by the use of thrusters.{{citat ...