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...in the process, on a formulated dynamic principle of transactional equity-in-exchange. ...o justifying DCF, developed by [[Merton Miller]] and [[Franco Modigliani]] in their seminal Dividend policy and growth Paper,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https: ...

...|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Monetization-in-Low-and-Middle-Income-Countries-26010 |publisher=[[International Monetary F ...is is one of the most important characteristics of the level and course of economic development.<ref name="MDE">{{cite web |last1=Chandavarkar |first1=Anand G. ...

...y followed by the financial media as a valuation measure for the US market in both its absolute,<ref name=Bloomberg1/><ref name=Forbes/><ref name=VisualC ...high during the so-called "[[everything bubble]]", crossing the 200% level in February 2021;<ref name=Bloomberg1/><ref name=CurrentMarketValuation/> a le ...

...ogramme in the [[United Kingdom]]. The funding for the project was cut off in the early 1980s after oil supplies rebounded and the UK government moved aw ==History== ...

...c sector and foreign sector) together must have a surplus, and vice versa. In other words, if the government sector is borrowing, the other sectors taken ...approximately to [[Balances Mechanics]] developed by [[Wolfgang Stützel]] in the 1950s. The approach is used by scholars at the [[Levy Economics Institu ...

{{Short description|Cooperative in Washington, D.C.}} ...l Babysitting Coop, July 4th parade.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The co-op in the 2000s]] ...

{{short description|Solution concept capturing altruism in game theory}} ...ormally defined by Vladislav Iosifovich Zhukovskii in 1985, and it was not in widespread use until half a century after Berge originally developed it. ...

...ored by [[Milton Friedman]] and [[David I. Meiselman]] and first published in 1963, as part of studies submitted to the [[Commission on Money and Credit] ...An Update|year=2014|journal=[[Journal of Economic Education|The Journal of Economic Education]]|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|volume=45|issue=2|pages=131–146| ...

...r=T. Rephann|author2=A. Isserman|name-list-style=amp|title=New Highways as Economic Development Tools|url=http://www.rri.wvu.edu/pdffiles/wp9313.pdf|work=West ...least under some scenarios infrastructure-based investment contributes to economic growth, both nationally and locally, and can be profitable, as measured by ...

...ance to customers,<ref name="Wyner"/> and marketing initiatives. A network in marketing can be formed either strategically (e.g. [[Business networking]]) ...duction and marketing activities involved in creating and delivering value in the form of products and services to intermediate and final customers.”</bl ...

==History== ...tax relief in respect of royalties and other income from licenses patented in Ireland. ...

[[File:Zimbabwe inflation.webp|thumb|Zimbabwe's inflation of almost 25,000% in 2007]] ...h, 89.7 sextillion (<math>8.97 \times 10^{22}</math>) percent year-on-year in mid-November 2008.<ref name="object.cato.org">{{cite web|title=Hanke S., & ...

{{short description|Overview of science and technology in Russia}} [[File:Shukhov tower shabolovka moscow 02.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Shukhov Tower]] in Moscow]] ...

...standards of [[Basel II]], introduced in 2004, and [[Basel I]], introduced in 1988. ...web | title=History of the Basel Committee | url=https://www.bis.org/bcbs/history.htm | publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]] | date=9 October 201 ...

...meets representatives of the All India Fair Price Shop Dealer's Federation in 2004.|alt=Four men at a table with microphones, water bottles and documents ...ugh a network of fair price shops (also known as ration shops) established in several states across the country. [[Food Corporation of India]], a [[gover ...

[[File:Hurricane katrina damage gulfport mississippi.jpg|thumb|350px|Damage in [[Long Beach, Mississippi]] following [[Hurricane Katrina]].]] ...storms, a tropical cyclone with a peak 1-minute [[maximum sustained wind]] in the range of 39–73&nbsp;mph (63–118&nbsp;km/h), placing them below the 74&n ...

...ilippines (5211726476).jpg|thumb|300px|Underwater ''[[Eucheuma]]'' farming in the [[Philippines]]]] ...water, gathering edible seaweed that has grown on a rope|A seaweed farmer in [[Nusa Lembongan]] (Indonesia) gathers edible seaweed that has grown on a r ...

...financier" may be associated with transactions in which capital is raised in order to create, develop, grow or acquire businesses.<ref>{{Cite web |title ...gement of all firms, rather than [[corporations]] alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of ...

...global optimum is less important than finding an acceptable local optimum in a fixed amount of time, simulated annealing may be preferable to alternativ The analogue of the slow cooling of annealing is a slow decrease in the probability of simulated annealing accepting worse solutions as it expl ...

[[File:Macro history economists.jpg|thumb|alt=Composite images of various people related to macr ...l" theories and produced a general theory that described the whole economy in terms of aggregates rather than individual, [[microeconomic]] parts. Attemp ...