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...e Western world starting in 1660, reaching its most common use in the 19th century. As a "compromise" projection, it preserves no particular properties, inste ...13th century, [[Petrus Apianus]] in the 16th century, and also in the 16th century by French Jesuit priest [[Georges Fournier (Jesuit)|Georges Fournier]]. In ...

In the 19th and 20th centuries, [[Russia]] produced many notable [[List of Russian scie {{main|Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records|Russian scientists|Russian inventors}} ...

The names of the artillery pieces changed with time. Though all inventions in the field ...100 CE and 300 CE a change occurred in the nomenclature. Thus, in the 4th century CE catapulta indicates a one-armed stone-throwing engine, also known as [[O ...

...|date=2024-10-24 |title=John von Neumann {{!}} Biography, Accomplishments, Inventions, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-vo ...or [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]] did for [[mathematical analysis]] in the 19th century, but for quantum mechanics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John von Neumann books |u ...

| Chinese [[rod numerals]] || 10 || 𝍠 𝍡 𝍢 𝍣 𝍤 𝍥 𝍦 𝍧 𝍨 𝍩 || {{sort|1|1st Century}} ...et#Numerals|Coptic numerals]] || 10 || Ⲁ Ⲃ Ⲅ Ⲇ Ⲉ Ⲋ Ⲍ Ⲏ Ⲑ || {{sort|100|2nd Century}} ...

...tician, author of many of the best books on arithmetic written in the 15th Century ...cribes 49 machines, tools and technical concepts that predated many future inventions ...

...|Columba]] is a small, faint [[constellation]] named in the late sixteenth century. Its name is [[Latin]] for [[dove]]. It is located just south of [[Canis Ma ...aint constellation in the [[southern sky]], first defined in the late 16th century. Its name means "no feet" in Greek, and it represents a [[bird-of-paradise] ...

...Knowledge, and facilitating the general Introduction, of Useful Mechanical Inventions and Improvements; and for teaching, by Courses of Philosophical Lectures an ...th-century English—an overview |url=https://public.oed.com/blog/nineteenth-century-english-an-overview/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Oxford English D ...

...e = Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels| publisher = Twenty-First Century Books| year = 2000| location = USA| pages = 58| url = https://books.google. ...athematician]] [[Archytas| Archytas of Tarentum]] (428–350 BC). By the 1st century BC, wooden screws were commonly used throughout the [[Mediterranean Sea|Med ...

...ntro"/> It was often called the "absolute Celsius" scale in the early 20th century.<ref name="absoluteC"/> The kelvin was formally added to the International During the 18th century, [[Conversion of scales of temperature|multiple temperature scales]] were d ...

...the [[seconds pendulum]] (a pendulum with a half-period of one second) one century earlier, but this was rejected as it had been discovered that this length v ...des Archives]]}}, a platinum bar held in Paris. During the mid nineteenth century, following the [[American Revolution]] and [[Decolonization of the Americas ...

This page aims to list inventions and discoveries in which women played a major role. ...ysics)|period]] of [[Cepheid]] [[variable stars]] at the beginning of 20th century. ...

*'''[[Andrey Bolotov]]''', major 18th-century [[agriculturist]], discovered [[dichogamy]], pioneered [[cross-pollination] *'''[[Sergei Chetverikov]]''', pioneer of [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] ...

Egyptian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existe ...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W ...

...ially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the [[Otto engine]], was desi ...last=Suzuki |pages=87–94 |publisher=SAE |year=1997}}</ref> and in the 21st century [[Ilmor]] designed and successfully tested a 5-stroke double expansion inte ...

...ermodynamic work, the caloric theory was, around the end of the eighteenth century, replaced by the "mechanical" theory of heat, which is accepted today. === 17th century–early 18th century === ...

{{See also|Islamic science|Inventions in medieval Islam|Timeline of Islamic science and technology|Academy of Gun ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...

'''Italian inventions and discoveries''' are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated ...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

In the 17th century, prototypes of elevators were installed in the palace buildings of England ...elevators in use today. Starting in coal mines, elevators in the mid-19th century operated with [[steam power]], and were used for moving goods in bulk in mi ...