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{{Short description|Large and rare economic collapse}} ...puzzle]], the behavior of [[interest rates]], and other [[economic history|economic phenomena]]. ...

...''. Review of Economic Studies, 51(4):683–692, 1984.</ref> In other words, in a series of repeated head-to-head matchups, voters will (on average) prefer ...reto efficiency]].<ref name="BrBr19a">F. Brandl and F. Brandt. [http://dss.in.tum.de/files/brandt-research/welfare.pdf Arrovian Aggregation of Convex Pre ...

...ocks is done from "composites" that are point measures of the grade of ore in the rock. Several different mathematical methods can be used to do the esti ...s a [[Voronoi diagram]] composed of [[polygons]] each with a unique grade; in three dimensions this method generates a [[Voronoi diagram]] composed of [[ ...

...-organization of the governmental and judicial structures and institutions in the war-torn region. ...l supply, shelter and food in the aftermath of a humanitarian catastrophe. In its most encompassing form, post-conflict aid occurs during the reconstruct ...

...wage]] units is equal to its [[price]] in money units divided by the wage (in money units) of a man-hour of labour. ...f a change in [[money supply]] may be a proportional change in all prices. In the latter case it is easier to work with a single variable denoting price ...

...ign: center; line-height: 1em">The pages containing the [[Book of Judges]] in [[Leningrad Codex]] (1008 CE).</div>}} ...military failure and apostasy of the Israelites following the introduction in [[Judges 1|the first chapter]].{{sfn|Niditch|2007|p=179}} ...

...r=T. Rephann|author2=A. Isserman|name-list-style=amp|title=New Highways as Economic Development Tools|url=http://www.rri.wvu.edu/pdffiles/wp9313.pdf|work=West ...least under some scenarios infrastructure-based investment contributes to economic growth, both nationally and locally, and can be profitable, as measured by ...

{{Short description|Cooperative in Washington, D.C.}} ...tol Hill Babysitting Coop, July 4th parade.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The co-op in the 2000s]] ...

...r}}{{Short description|Application of mathematical and statistical methods in finance}} ...s a field of [[applied mathematics]], concerned with mathematical modeling in the [[Finance#Quantitative_finance|financial field]]. ...

...y state. A steady state that is less resilient can be thought of as a ball in a shallow valley, where smaller perturbations can be enough to make the sys ...ed. On the other hand, a less resilient steady state corresponds to a ball in a shallow valley, so the ball will take a much longer time to return to the ...

...to that of a [[monopolist]], which can influence the price for its buyers in a [[monopoly]], where multiple buyers have only one seller of a good or ser ==History== ...

...e nonparametric element to build a least-squares estimator  After that, in 1997, local linear method was found by Truong. <math>\mu_i</math>: The random error in statistics with 0 mean. ...

{{short description|Overview of unemployment in the United Kingdom}} ...y, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3044 ...

{{Short description|Concept in projective geometry}} ...s and that does not contain an entire line. The concept can be generalized in several ways. Instead of talking about points and lines, one could deal wit ...

...alidity]] by ignoring the effect of non-compliance that is likely to occur in the real-world deployment of a treatment method. The LATE can be estimated ...Scientific Background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10 ...

...largest [[market capitalization|market capitalisation]] and share turnover in the [[PSI Geral]], the general stock market of the Lisbon exchange. It is o ==History== ...

[[File:Zimbabwe inflation.webp|thumb|Zimbabwe's inflation of almost 25,000% in 2007]] ...h, 89.7 sextillion (<math>8.97 \times 10^{22}</math>) percent year-on-year in mid-November 2008.<ref name="object.cato.org">{{cite web|title=Hanke S., & ...

{{short description|Overview of science and technology in Russia}} [[File:Shukhov tower shabolovka moscow 02.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Shukhov Tower]] in Moscow]] ...

{{Short description|Economic dispute}} ...n]] and [[Robert Solow]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. ...

...ibutions to statistical methods and for his research on global inequality. In 2018 he received the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Award from the American Sociologica ...ent of Sociology from 2001 to 2004. He advanced to Distinguished Professor in 2006. ...