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...te=2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-387-92124-2 |series=Statistics for biology and health |location=Dordrecht |pages=14 |oclc=669122118}}</ref> ...Haldane and Kosambi.<ref name=":1" /> The main difference between them is in how [[crossover interference]] is incorporated.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journa ...

....23..838H |issn=0305-0041}}</ref> Haldane's sieve is particularly relevant in situations where the effects of natural selection are strong and the benefi According to Haldane's sieve, when a new advantageous mutation arises in a population, it initially occurs as a single copy (a [[de novo mutation]]) ...

| caption = Yanosuke Otsuka in {{Circa|1940}} ...e of 47, because effective [[antimicrobial therapy]] was not yet available in Japan at the time.<ref name="Sugimura1992"/> ...

{{Short description|Seminal 1943 paper proposing artificial neural networks}} ...an output signal based on a threshold function. By connecting these units in various configurations, McCulloch and Pitts demonstrated that their model c ...

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|01|30}} | known_for = work in [[low-dimensional topology]], [[geometric group theory]] ...

| alt5 = Phonological Rule for Intervocalic flapping in American English ...s the application of [[mathematics]] to model phenomena and solve problems in general [[linguistics]] and [[theoretical linguistics]]. Mathematical lingu ...

{{distinguish|text = [[identity by descent]], another concept in population genetics referred to as "IBD"}} ...he city of Addis Ababa), they have declining genetic diversity as measured in average number of microsatellite repeats at each of the loci. The bottom ch ...

...functional theory (DFT) calculations of equilibrium isotopic fractionation in large organic molecules | journal = Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics | v ...] and, independently, by [[Jacob Bigeleisen]] and [[Maria Goeppert Mayer]] in 1947.<ref name="richet1977" /><ref name="urey1947" /><ref name="bigeleisen1 ...

...}}) for the enzyme [[alcohol dehydrogenase]] in the [[liver]] when present in large amounts. For this reason, ethanol is sometimes used as a means to tre ...le, but several classes of competitive inhibition are especially important in [[biochemistry]] and [[medicine]], including the competitive form of [[enzy ...

...pread and become common in one subpopulation while being completely absent in the other. ...tics]] studies, and accounting for and controlling its effect is important in [[genome-wide association study|genome wide association studies]] (GWAS). B ...

...mong the first three. Continuing this procedure can locate the broken bulb in no more than three tests, compared to a maximum of six tests if the bulbs a ...ms, rather than on individual ones. First studied by [[Robert Dorfman]] in 1943, group testing is a relatively new field of applied mathematics that can be ...

...r><span style="color:#4977c3">Edward C. Stuntz Distinguished Professorship in Neuroscience {{small|(2016)}}</span> ...]], he positionally cloned the ''Drosophila'' Clock gene.<ref name=":1" /> In his laboratory at Northwestern, he discovered a conserved mechanism for cir ...

...[[Ptolemy's table of chords|calculation of chords]], while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as [[geodesy]], [[surveying]], [[celestial mechanics]], and [[na ...

| caption = Gaetano Fichera in 1976 (photo by Konrad Jacobs) ...s and [[several complex variables]]. He was born in [[Acireale]], and died in [[Rome]]. ...

...sis]]. Genetic correlation models were introduced into behavioral genetics in the 1970s–1980s. Genetic correlations have applications in validation of [[genome-wide association study]] (GWAS) results, breeding, p ...

....<ref name=Taylor1961/> The name ''Taylor's law'' was coined by Southwood in 1966.<ref name=Southwood1966/> ...' and ''b'' are both positive constants. Taylor proposed this relationship in 1961, suggesting that the exponent ''b'' be considered a species specific i ...

...Poisson]]. The process itself was discovered independently and repeatedly in several settings, including experiments on [[radioactive decay]], telephone ...s, Volume II- Applications'', volume 4, No 1–2 of ''Foundations and Trends in Networking''. NoW Publishers, 2009.</ref><ref name="Haenggi2009">M. Haenggi ...

...m³ is sometimes quoted as a commonly used criterion and is used in the body of this article. ...harmless (such as [[ruthenium]], silver and [[indium]]), but can be toxic in larger amounts or certain forms. Other heavy metals, such as [[arsenic]], [ ...

...[https://books.google.com/books?id=whc4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PT5 digitized version] in [[Google Books]].</ref>]] ...radiation]], radioactive substances such as [[radon]] and [[radium]] found in the environment, and the potential health hazards of non-ionizing radiation ...

{{short description|1938 achievement in physics}} ...r power]] and [[nuclear weapon]]s. Hahn was awarded the 1944 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for the discovery of nuclear fission. ...