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In [[nonstandard analysis]], a discipline within classical mathematics, '''mic Here ''x'' runs through the domain of ''f''. In formulas, this can be expressed as follows: ...

...and designed by Thomson and collaborators, at the [[Science Museum, London|Science Museum]], South Kensington, London]] ...ican Mathematical Society (2009) II.2]], showing how combinations of waves in non-commensurable frequencies cannot repeat their resultant patterns exactl ...

...xtbooks on elementary mathematics which were repeatedly reprinted from the 1860s to the 1920s. He was president of the [[Moscow Mathematical Society]] from ...nt of Physics, Moscow State University |location=Moscow |pages=100–105}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> and his younger brother [[Karl Davydov|Karl Davidov]] (1838 ...

...paramagnetic minerals as well as the [[field intensity]] that is required in order to separate those minerals.<ref name=":6" /> ...pany|commercialize]] the magnetic enrichment of poor iron ores but failed. In the 1900s, high intensity magnetic separation was inaugurated which allowed ...

...called "algebra", while the term "abstract algebra" is seldom used except in [[mathematical education|pedagogy]]. ...as single objects. For example, the structure of groups is a single object in universal algebra, which is called the ''[[variety (universal algebra)|vari ...

...road Map 1838.png|thumb|right|250px|1838 map of pre-railroad cargo traffic in Ireland, one of the first thematic maps to use proportional symbols.]] ...{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Arthur H. |title=Early Thematic Mapping in the History of Cartography |date=1982 |publisher=University of Chicago Pres ...

...nal and Failure Analysis of Polymers: A Practical Approach]”</ref> Failure in polymer components can occur at relatively low stress levels, far below the ...redicted values are mainly due to the many microscopic imperfections found in the material. These defects namely dislocations, [[Crystallinity|crystallin ...

...ng of the Victorian''' '''era''' refers to the development of mathematics, science, technology and engineering during the [[Victorian era|reign]] of [[Queen V == Professionalisation of science == ...

...many forms for a variety of materials. Screws might be inserted into holes in assembled parts or a screw may form its own thread.<ref>{{harvnb|Oberg|Jone ...xgZ2AC&pg=PA200 | page=200}}</ref> Screws with a left-hand thread are used in exceptional cases, such as where the screw will be subject to [[Clockwise#T ...

...al prototypes. Rather than the various complex systems of subdivision then in use, they also preferred a decimal system to ease their calculations. ...e many features of the [[Ancien Régime]], including [[Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution|the traditional units of measure]]. As ...

...en the final and initial states of a system, and subtracting the work done in the process.<ref>Callen, H.B. (1985). p.19</ref> For a closed system, this ...interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in [[temperature]] of a body.<ref>[[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell, J.C.]] (1871) ...

...l" theories and produced a general theory that described the whole economy in terms of aggregates rather than individual, [[microeconomic]] parts. Attemp ...r money]], but argued that Keynesians ignored the role of [[money supply]] in inflation.{{sfn|McCallum|2008|p=}} [[Robert Lucas, Jr.|Robert Lucas]] and o ...

...]]s worth $5.3&nbsp;billion every year. That is 100% of commercial almonds in the United States, 100% of all of North America, and 80% of commercial almo ...was {{convert|328|acre|ha}}, significantly less than the average farm size in the{{nbsp}}U.S. of {{convert|444|acre|ha}}.<ref name="California Department ...