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{{main|Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records|Russian scientists|Russian inventors}} At the start of the 18th century the [[Reforms of Peter I of Russia|reforms of Peter the Great]] (founder of ...

[[List of Chinese inventions|Aside from many original inventions]], the [[Zhonghua minzu|Chinese]] were also early original pioneers in the ...ultaneous congruences]] in [[number theory]], was first created in the 3rd century AD in the mathematical book ''[[Sunzi Suanjing]]'' posed the problem: "Ther ...

| Chinese [[rod numerals]] || 10 || 𝍠 𝍡 𝍢 𝍣 𝍤 𝍥 𝍦 𝍧 𝍨 𝍩 || {{sort|1|1st Century}} ...et#Numerals|Coptic numerals]] || 10 || Ⲁ Ⲃ Ⲅ Ⲇ Ⲉ Ⲋ Ⲍ Ⲏ Ⲑ || {{sort|100|2nd Century}} ...

...eld emerged in the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic world]] during the 3rd century BC from applications of [[geometry]] to [[Astronomy|astronomical studies]]. ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

...tician, author of many of the best books on arithmetic written in the 15th Century ...cribes 49 machines, tools and technical concepts that predated many future inventions ...

...tps://web.archive.org/web/20190222020750/http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/battery.htm Fascinating facts about the invention of the Electric Battery b ...t cells unsuitable for portable appliances. Near the end of the nineteenth century, the invention of [[dry cell|dry cell batteries]], which replaced the liqui ...

...e = Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels| publisher = Twenty-First Century Books| year = 2000| location = USA| pages = 58| url = https://books.google. ...athematician]] [[Archytas| Archytas of Tarentum]] (428–350 BC). By the 1st century BC, wooden screws were commonly used throughout the [[Mediterranean Sea|Med ...

Egyptian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques which owe their existe ...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W ...

{{See also|Islamic science|Inventions in medieval Islam|Timeline of Islamic science and technology|Academy of Gun ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...while others place the end of the Islamic Golden Age as late as the end of 15th to 16th centuries, including the rise of the Islamic [[gunpowder empires]]. ...

'''Italian inventions and discoveries''' are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated ...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...