List of directly imaged exoplanets: Difference between revisions

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Motion interpolation of seven images of the HR 8799 system taken from the W. M. Keck Observatory over seven years, featuring four exoplanets

This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.

The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged is Epsilon Indi Ab, which has six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, and an age of about 3.5Template:NbsGa. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.

It is unlikely or at least unclear if objects on a wide orbit (≥100 AU) formed in circumstellar disks and these objects are therefore more often referred as planetary-mass companions.[1][2][3] Only in rare cases, such as for HD 106906 b, the formation of the object in the disk is seen plausible.

Key

Exoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.

  • ADI = Angular Differential Imaging
  • KLIP = Karhunen–Loève Image Processing
  • LOCI = Locally Optimized Combination of Images
  • NRM = Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry
  • RSDI = Reference Star Differential Imaging
  • SDI = Spectral Differential Imaging
  • TLOCI = Template Locally Optimized Combination of Images

Exoplanets

Although listed in the table below, the identities of Candidate 1, FW Tau b, 2MASS J044144 b, and HD 100546 b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets.   †   There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them. Template:Sticky header

Star Exoplanet Image Mass (MJ) Radius (RJ) Period (yr) Observed separation (AU) Eccentricity Distance to Earth (ly) Year of discovery Imaging technique Ref(s).
WISE 0146+4234 WISE 0146+4234 B† Template:Ntsh10 ±4 10 Template:Val 63 2015 AO
WISE J0336-0143 WISE J0336-0143 B† Template:Ntsh4-12.5 5-9 Template:Val 33 2023 source subtraction [4]
Alpha Centauri A Alpha Centauri Ab (?) Template:Ntsh0.11±0.05 Template:Ntsh0.459±0.17 ~1 1.1 4.37 2021
CFBDSIR J145829+101343 CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b Template:Ntsh10.5Template:± 27.5Template:± 2.6Template:± 104 2011 Direct imaging
HD 206893 HD 206893 c Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:NtshTemplate:Val 5.7 Template:Val Template:Val 133 2023 interferometry [5]
HD 206893 B† Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:NtshTemplate:Val 26 Template:Val Template:Val 2017 ADI, PCA [6][5]
WISE 1217+1626 WISE 1217+1626 A b Template:Ntsh22Template:± Template:Ntsh0.934Template:± 130-210 8.0Template:± 30.4 2012 Direct imaging [7]
AF Leporis AF Lep b Template:Ntsh2-5.5 20.6 8 0.47 87 2023 Direct imaging [8][9][10]
Beta Pictoris Beta Pictoris b Template:Ntsh12.7Template:± Template:Ntsh1.46Template:±[11] 22.47Template:± 9 0.08Template:± Template:Sort 2008 RSDI [12][13][14][15]
LP 852-7 WD 1202–232 b Template:Ntsh1-7 50 11.47 34 2024 (unconfirmed) PSF-subtraction [16]
51 Eridani 51 Eridani b Template:Ntsh2.6 Template:Ntsh1.0 ? 13 ? Template:Sort 2014 ADI, KLIP [17]
WISE 1711+3500 WISE 1711+3500 B Template:Ntsh8.7-22 280-430 15Template:± 62 2012 laser AO [7]
HR 8799 HR 8799 e Template:Ntsh7.0 Template:Ntsh1.3 49 14.5 0.14 Template:Sort 2010 ADI, LOCI
HR 8799 d Template:Ntsh7.0 Template:Ntsh1.3 100 24.5 0.09 Template:Sort 2008 ADI, LOCI
HR 8799 c Template:Ntsh7.0 Template:Ntsh1.3 189 37.4 0.24 Template:Sort 2008 ADI, LOCI
HR 8799 b Template:Ntsh5.0 Template:Ntsh1.2 474 69.2 0.17 Template:Sort 2008 ADI, LOCI
2M J044144 2M J044144 b† Template:Ntsh5–10 15 Template:Sort 2010 Direct imaging
29 Cygni HIP 99770 b Template:Ntsh13.9-16.1 Template:Ntsh1.05 51.0 16.9 0.25 130.9 2022 ALOCI [18]
HIP 21152 HIP 21152 b Template:NtshTemplate:Val 60.3 Template:Val Template:Val 141 2022 Direct imaging [19]
HR 2562 HR 2562 b Template:Ntsh8-18.5 Template:Ntsh1.11Template:± 20.3Template:± 111 2016 Direct imaging [20]
PDS 70 PDS 70 b Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:NtshTemplate:Val 21 370 2018 ADI, TLOCI
PDS 70 c Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:NtshTemplate:Val 35 370 2019 SDI
HIP 81208 C HIP 81208 Cb† Template:Ntsh14.8Template:± ~285 23 485 2023 [21]
PZ Telescopii PZ Telescopii b Template:NtshTemplate:Val 120.5 Template:Val Template:Val 154 2010 Direct imaging, radial velocity
Epsilon Indi A Epsilon Indi Ab Template:Ntsh5.75-6.91 Template:Ntsh1.08Template:Efn Template:Val Template:Val 0.40 12 2018 (RV), 2024 (images) coronagraphic images [22][23]
LAWD 83 WD 2105–82 b Template:Ntsh1-2 243 34.62 52.7 2024 (unconfirmed) PSF-subtraction [16]
HD 169142 HD 169142 b Template:Ntsh1-4 37.2 115 2019/2023 pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI [24][25]
2M1207 2M1207b † Template:Ntsh4.2 Template:Ntsh1.11 1620 40.6 0.37 Template:Sort 2004 Direct imaging
59 Virginis Gliese 504 b† Template:Ntsh4Template:± Template:Ntsh0.96 43.5 Template:Sort 2013 ADI, LOCI
2MASS J01225093-2439505 2MASS J01225093-2439505 b Template:Ntsh24.5Template:± Template:Ntsh1.0 52 110 2013 Direct imaging
KR Muscae HD 100546 b Template:Ntsh8.50±4.00 53±2 353 2014 Direct imaging
Kappa Andromedae Kappa Andromedae b Template:Ntsh13Template:± Template:Val 55 Template:Val Template:Sort 2013 ADI, LOCI
HD 95086 HD 95086 b Template:Ntsh5.0 ? 56 ? Template:Sort 2013 ADI, LOCI
Delorme 1 (AB) Delorme 1 (AB) b† Template:Ntsh12-14 84 154 2013 AO [26][27]
HIP 65426 HIP 65426 b Template:Ntsh6-12 Template:Ntsh1.5 600 92 Template:Sort 2017 ADI, TLOCI [28][29]
AB Aurigae AB Aurigae b Template:Ntsh9-12 Template:Ntsh2.75 ? 93 0.19-0.60 508 2022 ADI/RSDI, ALOCI [30]
MWC 758 MWC 758 c 100 508 2023 Direct imaging
GQ Lupi GQ Lupi b Template:Ntsh1–36 Template:Ntsh3 100 495 2004 Direct imaging
VHS 1256-1257 VHS 1256 b † Template:Ntsh11.2 3900 102 Template:Sort 2015 Direct imaging
YSES 2 YSES 2 b File:YSES2b-exoplanet-SPHERE-VLT-ESO-YSES-2020.jpg Template:NtshTemplate:Val 115 359 2021 reference star image subtraction [31]
2MASS J04372171+2651014 2M0437 b Template:Ntsh3-5 118 418 2021 AO [32]
ROXs 42B ROXs 42Bb Template:Ntsh9Template:± Template:NtshTemplate:Val 1968.3 Template:Sort Template:Unknown Template:Sort 2013 Direct imaging [33]
2MASS J02192210-3925225 2MASS J02192210-3925225 b Template:Ntsh13.9Template:± Template:Ntsh1.44Template:± 160 131 2015 Direct imaging [34]
TYC 8998-760-1 TYC 8998-760-1 b † Template:Ntsh14Template:± 160 309 2020 imaging + coronagraph [35]
TYC 8998-760-1 c Template:Ntsh6Template:± 320 2020 [36]
NIRISS-NGC1333-10 NIRISS-NGC1333-10 B Template:Ntsh~15 164 978 2024 direct imaging +slitless spectroscopy [37]
CFHTWIR-Oph 98 CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:Ntsh1.86±0.05 ~22000 200±6 447 2021 Direct imaging
CHXR 73 CHXR 73 b Template:NtshTemplate:Val 210 620 2006 Direct imaging
ROXs 12 ROXs 12 b Template:Ntsh16Template:± 214 0.83 452 2013 Direct imaging
2MASS J22362452+4751425 2M2236+4751 b† Template:Ntsh11-14 230 205 2017 AO [38]
Mu2 Scorpii Mu2 Scorpii b†l Template:Ntsh14.4±0.8 242.4 0.56 474 2022 Direct imaging
Ophiuchi 11 Ophiuchi 11 b Template:Ntsh21±3 20,000 243±55 400 2006 Direct imaging
AB Pictoris AB Pictoris b† Template:NtshTemplate:Val[39] Template:Ntsh1.75 260 164 2005 imaging+ coronagraph [40][41]
GSC 6214-00210 GSC 6214-00210 b† Template:Ntsh14 ± 2 320 355 2008/2011 [42]
FW Tauri FW Tauri b† Template:Ntsh10±4

or star[43]

~12,000[44] 330 ? Template:Sort[45] 2013 Direct imaging [46][47]
DH Tauri DH Tauri b† Template:Ntsh11±3 Template:Ntsh2.7±0.8 330 441 2005/2014 Coronagraph, AO [48][49]
1RXS J1609 1RXS 1609 b† Template:Ntsh8–14 Template:Ntsh1.7 6518 331.1 0.08 Template:Sort 2008/2010 Direct imaging
HIP 79098 AB HIP 79098 AB b Template:Ntsh20.5±4.5 345±6 500 2019 Direct imaging
CT Chamaeleontis CT Chamaeleontis b† Template:Ntsh17±6 Template:Ntsh2.20Template:± 440 625 2007 Direct imaging
HD 203030 HD 203030 B Template:Ntsh11Template:± 487 128 2006 SDI [50]
b Centauri b Centauri b Template:Ntsh10.9Template:± 556 330 2021 coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging [51]
HD 106906 HD 106906 b† Template:Ntsh11±2 650 Template:Sort 2013 ADI
USco CTIO 108 USco CTIO 108 b Template:Ntsh14Template:± 670 473 2008 Direct imaging
2MASS J23225240-6151114 2MASS J23225299-6151275 Template:Ntsh12.6-13.3[52] 705 138.4 2014 Direct imaging [53][54]
HIP 78530 HIP 78530 b Template:Ntsh23±1 740±60 446 2010 Direct imaging
HN Pegasi HN Pegasi b Template:Ntsh22±9.4 Template:NtshTemplate:Val 773±13 59 2006 Direct imaging
FU Tauri FU Tauri b Template:Ntsh16 800 429 2008 Direct imaging
SR 12 SR 12(AB) c† Template:Ntsh11 980 337 2011 [2]
2MASS J05581644–4501559 0558 B Template:Ntsh6-12 1,043 88 2024 Direct imaging [55]
Ross 458 Ross 458(AB) c† Template:Ntsh8.5 Template:Ntsh1.8 33,081 1,167.7 0.17 Template:Sort[56] 2011 Direct imaging
BD+60 1417 BD+60 1417b† Template:Ntsh13.47±5.67 Template:Ntsh1.31±0.06 1,662 144±13 2021 Direct imaging [57]
SE 70 S Ori 68 Template:Ntsh5 1,700 1,290 2006 Direct imaging [58]
UPM J1040-3551 CWISE J104053.42–355029.7 Template:Ntsh3 or 31 1,700 82.5 2024 Direct imaging [59][60]
2MASS J0249-0557AB 2MASS J0249-0557c† Template:NtshTemplate:Val 1,950 159 2018 Direct imaging [3]
GU Piscium GU Piscium b† Template:Ntsh11±2 163,000 2,000 Template:Sort 2014 Direct imaging
LOri 167 LOri 167B Template:NtshTemplate:Val 2,000 1,300 2007 Direct imaging [61]
GSC 00568-01752 SDSS J2249+0044AB Template:NtshTemplate:Val (for single object) 2264 146.7 2010/2024 Direct imaging [62][63][52]
WD 0806-661 WD 0806-661 B† Template:Ntsh7–9 2,500 Template:Sort 2011 Direct imaging
USco1621 A USco1621 b Template:Ntsh16±2 2,880±20 452 2019 Direct imaging [64]
USco1556 A USco1556 b Template:Ntsh15±2 3,500±40 461 2019 Direct imaging [64]
L 34-26 COCONUTS-2b† Template:NtshTemplate:Val Template:NtshTemplate:Val ~1,100,000 6,471 35.51±0.01 2021/2011 Direct imaging [65]
TYC 9486-927-1 2MASS J2126–8140 Template:Ntsh13.3±1.7 ~900,000 6,684 ? 80.72±13.86 2016/2006 Direct imaging [66]
GJ 900 CW2335+0142 Template:Ntsh10.5 12,000 68 2024 Direct imaging [59]
BD+29 5007 2MASS J2351+3010 Template:NtshTemplate:Val 22,106 77.12 2015 (age+mass)/ 2016 (co-movement)/ 2024 (both) Direct imaging [67][68][63][52]

See also

Notes

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References

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