Quasi-algebraically closed field: Difference between revisions

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In mathematics, a field F is called quasi-algebraically closed (or C1) if every non-constant homogeneous polynomial P over F has a non-trivial zero provided the number of its variables is more than its degree. The idea of quasi-algebraically closed fields was investigated by C. C. Tsen, a student of Emmy Noether, in a 1936 paper Template:Harv; and later by Serge Lang in his 1951 Princeton University dissertation and in his 1952 paper Template:Harv. The idea itself is attributed to Lang's advisor Emil Artin.

Formally, if P is a non-constant homogeneous polynomial in variables

X1, ..., XN,

and of degree d satisfying

d < N

then it has a non-trivial zero over F; that is, for some xi in F, not all 0, we have

P(x1, ..., xN) = 0.

In geometric language, the hypersurface defined by P, in projective space of degree Template:Nowrap, then has a point over F.

Examples

Properties

  • Any algebraic extension of a quasi-algebraically closed field is quasi-algebraically closed.
  • The Brauer group of a finite extension of a quasi-algebraically closed field is trivial.[8][9][10]
  • A quasi-algebraically closed field has cohomological dimension at most 1.[10]

Ck fields

Quasi-algebraically closed fields are also called C1. A Ck field, more generally, is one for which any homogeneous polynomial of degree d in N variables has a non-trivial zero, provided

dk < N,

for k ≥ 1.[11] The condition was first introduced and studied by Lang.[10] If a field is Ci then so is a finite extension.[11][12] The C0 fields are precisely the algebraically closed fields.[13][14]

Lang and Nagata proved that if a field is Ck, then any extension of transcendence degree n is Ck+n.[15][16][17] The smallest k such that K is a Ck field (∞ if no such number exists), is called the diophantine dimension dd(K) of K.[13]

C1 fields

Every finite field is C1.[7]

C2 fields

Properties

Suppose that the field k is C2.

Artin's conjecture

Artin conjectured that p-adic fields were C2, but Guy Terjanian found p-adic counterexamples for all p.[18][19] The Ax–Kochen theorem applied methods from model theory to show that Artin's conjecture was true for Qp with p large enough (depending on d).

Weakly Ck fields

A field K is weakly Ck,d if for every homogeneous polynomial of degree d in N variables satisfying

dk < N

the Zariski closed set V(f) of Pn(K) contains a subvariety which is Zariski closed over K.

A field that is weakly Ck,d for every d is weakly Ck.[2]

Properties

  • A Ck field is weakly Ck.[2]
  • A perfect PAC weakly Ck field is Ck.[2]
  • A field K is weakly Ck,d if and only if every form satisfying the conditions has a point x defined over a field which is a primary extension of K.[20]
  • If a field is weakly Ck, then any extension of transcendence degree n is weakly Ck+n.[17]
  • Any extension of an algebraically closed field is weakly C1.[21]
  • Any field with procyclic absolute Galois group is weakly C1.[21]
  • Any field of positive characteristic is weakly C2.[21]
  • If the field of rational numbers ℚ and the function fields 𝔽p(t) are weakly C1, then every field is weakly C1.[21]

See also

Citations

Template:Reflist

References

  1. ↑ Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 455
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 456
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Serre (1979) p. 162
  4. ↑ Gille & Szamuley (2006) p. 142
  5. ↑ Gille & Szamuley (2006) p. 143
  6. ↑ Gille & Szamuley (2006) p. 144
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 462
  8. ↑ Lorenz (2008) p. 181
  9. ↑ Serre (1979) p. 161
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Gille & Szamuely (2006) p. 141
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Serre (1997) p. 87
  12. ↑ Lang (1997) p. 245
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Template:Cite book
  14. ↑ Lorenz (2008) p. 116
  15. ↑ Lorenz (2008) p. 119
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Serre (1997) p. 88
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 459
  18. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  19. ↑ Lang (1997) p. 247
  20. ↑ Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 457
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Fried & Jarden (2008) p. 461
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