View source for University Ranking by Academic Performance

{{redirect|URAP|the dish|Urap|the language|Urap language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

The '''University Ranking by Academic Performance'''<ref name=urapweb>{{cite web|title=University Ranking by Academic Performance|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-date=2 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902034618/http://www.urapcenter.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ('''URAP''') is a [[College and university rankings|university ranking]] developed by the Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Informatics|url=http://ii.metu.edu.tr/|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> of [[Middle East Technical University]]. Since 2010, it has been publishing annual national<ref>{{cite web|title=URAP Türkiye Özel Bölümü|url=http://tr.urapcenter.org/|language=tr|access-date=6 March 2015|archive-date=2 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902091019/http://tr.urapcenter.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and global<ref>{{cite web|title=World Ranking|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|access-date=7 March 2015|archive-date=14 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214075818/http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[college and university rankings]] for top 2000 institutions.  The [[scientometrics]] measurement of URAP  is based on data obtained from the [[Institute for Scientific Information]] via [[Web of Science]] and inCites. For global rankings, URAP employs indicators of research performance including the number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. In addition to global rankings, URAP publishes regional rankings for universities in [[Turkey]] using additional indicators such as the number of students and faculty members obtained from Center of Measuring, Selection and Placement [[ÖSYM]].

==Methodology==
URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as [[Web of Science]] and InCites provided by the [[Institute for Scientific Information]]. URAP uses data of 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. Of 2500 selected HEIs, the top 2000 are included in the rankings published by URAP. Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA.<ref name=era>{{cite web|title=ERA 2015, Excellence in Research for Australia|url=http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401065628/http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm|archive-date=2015-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Indicators===

URAP uses 6 main indicator to measure the academic performance. These indicators are number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. The raw bibliometric data underlying URAP's 6 main indicators have highly skewed distribution. To address this issue, the median of the indicators have been used. The Delphi system was conducted with a group of experts to assign weighting scores to the indicators. Total score of 600 is distributed to indicators. URAP uses additional indicators for ranking universities in [[Turkey]] including  the number of students and faculty members.
The following table shows the indicators used for global rankings in URAP as of 2014.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Indicator
! Objective
! Weight (out of 600)
! Source
|-
| Number of Articles
| Scientific Productivity
| %21
| InCites
|-
| Citation
| Research Impact
| %21
| InCites
|-
| Total Documents
| Scientific Productivity
| %10
| InCites
|-
| Article Impact Total
| Research Quality 
| %18
| InCites
|-
| Citation Impact Total
| Research Quality
| %15
| InCites
|-
| International Collaboration
| International Acceptance
| %15
| InCites
|}

====Number of articles====
Number of articles is used as a measure of current scientific productivity which includes articles indexed by Web of Science. This indicator covers articles, reviews and notes. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21.

====Citation====

Citation, as an indicator in URAP ranking, is a measure of research impact. It is scored according to the total number of citations received. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21.

====Total documents====
Total documents is the measure of sustainability and continuity of scientific productivity. The total document count covers all scholarly literature provided by the Web of Science database, including conference papers, reviews, letters, discussions, scripts, and journal articles. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %10.

====Article Impact Total (AIT)====

Article Impact Total (AIT) is a measure of scientific productivity adjusted by the ratio of institution's Citation Per Publication (CPP) to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of publications in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula:

<math> AIT = \sum_{i=1}^{23} \Bigg[ \Bigg( \frac{CPP_i}{CPP\_{World_i}} \Bigg) * Articles_i \Bigg]    </math>

The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %18.

====Citation Impact Total (CIT)====
Citation Impact Total (CIT) is a measure of research impact corrected by the institution's normalized CPP with respect to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of citations in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula:

<math> CIT = \sum_{i=1}^{23} \Bigg[ \Bigg( \frac{CPP_i}{CPP\_{World_i}} \Bigg) * Citations_i \Bigg]  </math>

The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15.

====International collaboration====

International Collaboration is a measure of global acceptance of the institution.  International collaboration data, which is based on the total number of published studies conducted  in collaboration with foreign universities, is obtained from InCites.  The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15.

==Current rankings==

===Global ranking===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ University Ranking by Academic Performance—Top 50{{efn|This table lists the top 50 institutions as of the 2020–21 rankings.}}
|-
!Institution
!2021-22<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-15|title=URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance|url=https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2021-2022/World_Ranking_2021-2022|access-date=2021-12-31|website=www.urapcenter.org}}</ref>
!2020-21<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/World_Ranking_2020-2021|title=World Ranking|access-date=27 December 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206162625/https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/World_Ranking_2020-2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2019–20<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2019-2020/world-2019|title=2019–2020 Rankings|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218074911/https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2019-2020/world-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2018–19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2018-2019/world-2018|title=2018–2019 Rankings|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004301/https://www.urapcenter.org/Rankings/2018-2019/world-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2017–18<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2017/world.php?q=MS0yNTAw|title=2017-2018 World Ranking|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231809/http://www.urapcenter.org/2017/world.php?q=MS0yNTAw|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2016–17<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2016/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|title=2016-2017 World Ranking|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606090559/http://www.urapcenter.org/2016/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2015–16<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2015/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|title=2015-2016 World Ranking|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=12 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912043152/http://www.urapcenter.org/2015/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!2014–15<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|title=2014-2015 World Ranking|access-date=2 March 2020|website=University Ranking by Academic Performance|archive-date=23 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323034359/http://www.urapcenter.org/2014/world.php?q=MS0yNTA=|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Harvard University]]
|1
|1||1||1||1||1||1||1
|-
|{{flagicon|Canada}} [[University of Toronto]]
|2
|2||2||2||2||2||2||2
|-
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[University College London]]
|3
|4||3||5||6||5||6||6
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Stanford University]]
|4
|3||4||4||5||4||8||7
|-
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[University of Oxford]]
|5
|5||5||3||3||3||3||3
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Johns Hopkins University]]
|6
|6||6||6||8||6||4||4
|-
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[University of Cambridge]]
|7
|7||7||7||9||8||5||5
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Michigan]]
|8
|8||8||9||11||10||10||10
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Washington]]
|9
|10||9||10||12||11||11||11
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Tsinghua University]]
|10
|12||12||18||25||38||48||58
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]]
|11
|18||19||24||32||39||50||59
|-
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Imperial College London]]
|12
|13||13||11||16||15||15||15
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[University of Paris-Saclay]]
|13
|9||94{{efn|name=UPS|As [[University of Paris-Sud]].}}||91{{efn|name=UPS}}||80{{efn|name=UPS}}||87{{efn|name=UPS}}||70{{efn|name=UPS}}||69{{efn|name=UPS}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|14
|15||14||15||14||13||13||13
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Zhejiang University]]
|15
|20||20||31||33||34||42||46
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
|16
|16||15||13||13||12||12||12
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|17
|11||11||8||7||7||7||9
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[Sorbonne University]]
|18
|14||10||17||4{{efn|name=UPMC|As [[Pierre and Marie Curie University]].}}||26{{efn|name=UPMC}}||26{{efn|name=UPMC}}||25{{efn|name=UPMC}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Columbia University]]
|19
|17||16||14||15||14||14||14
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[University of Sydney]]
|20
|24||24||23||26||27||29||30
|-
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[University of Copenhagen]]
|21
|19||18||16||17||16||16||22
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Peking University]]
|22
|21||21||22||29||33||44||48
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[University of Melbourne]]
|23
|25||23||26||30||31||30||29
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[University of Paris (2019)|University of Paris]]
|24
|23||97{{efn|name=UPD|As [[Paris Diderot University]].}}||95{{efn|name=UPD}}||87{{efn|name=UPD}}||85{{efn|name=UPD}}||78{{efn|name=UPD}}||76{{efn|name=UPD}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of California, San Diego]]
|25
|26||22||19||18||17||17||16
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of California, San Francisco]]
|26
|30||31||28||24||22||19||18
|-
|{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[National University of Singapore]]
|27
|32||28||30||27||29||32||34
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Cornell University]]
|28
|28||29||25||23||25||25||24
|-
|{{flagicon|Canada}} [[University of British Columbia]]
|29
|29||27||27||21||21||22||20
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Yale University]]
|30
|27||26||21||20||19||20||21
|-
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[University of São Paulo]]
|31
|33||33||38||36||40||35||31
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Monash University]]
|32
|37||39||46||53||57||62||64
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of California, Berkeley]]
|33
|22||17||12||10||9||9||8
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[University of Queensland]]
|34
|35||35||39||40||41||43||51
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Sun Yat-sen University]]
|35
|48||60||83||93||99||113||116
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Duke University]]
|36
|34||34||33||28||24||24||23
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[University of Tokyo]]
|37
|31||25||20||19||18||18||17
|-
|{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[KU Leuven]]
|38
|38||37||42||41||23||23||38
|-
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[University of New South Wales]]
|39
|42||44||52||60||71||74||78
|-
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[University of Amsterdam]]
|40
|40||48||51||63||61||61||61
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ohio State University]]
|41
|39||38||36||38||37||33||32
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]]
|42
|49||56||81||94||111||135||155
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Pittsburgh]]
|43
|43||40||35||35||32||31||28
|-
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Karolinska Institute]]
|44
|50||51||48||51||53||60||57
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Fudan University]]
|45
|54
|58
|62
|68
|74
|90
|94
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Chicago]]
|46
|36||30||29||22||20||21||19
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Northwestern University]]
|47
|46||45||43||46||38||37||37
|-
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Utrecht University]]
|48
|45||42||40||45||44||37||35
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul National University]]
|49
|51
|47
|49
|44
|50
|36
|42
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[University of Minnesota]]
|50
|44||32||32||31||28||27||27
|}

===Rankings by field===
*https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/fields

==Commentary and reception==
URAP covers considerably more institutions than other major ranking systems. In a section about URAP in  “Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments” published in  the [[European Journal of Education]] it is mentioned that ”While it is less well-known than SRG, ARWU, THE, and QS, it is interesting because it published a list of 2000 universities, while the above rankings cover a maximum of 700 universities.”<ref name=where>{{cite journal|last1=Rauhvargers|first1=Andrejs|title=Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments|journal=European Journal of Education|date=March 2014|volume=49|issue=1|pages=29–44|doi=10.1111/ejed.12066|hdl=20.500.12799/2904|hdl-access=free}}</ref>  This is also mentioned in  the “EUA report on Ranking for 2013 “ published by the [[European University Association]]. It indicates that URAP, along with [[SCImago]] ranking system, “fill an important gap in the rankings market in that their indicators measure the performance of substantially more universities, up to 2000 in the case of URAP and over 3000 in SCImago, compared to only 400 in THE, 500 in SRC ARWU, NTU ranking and CWTS Leiden, and around 700 in QS.”<ref name=eua>{{cite book|last1=Rauhvargers|first1=Andrejs|title=Global university rankings and their impact : report II|date=2013|publisher=European University Association|location=Brussels|isbn=9789078997412|page=65|url=http://kisefront01.ki.se/sites/default/files/eua_global_university_rankings_and_their_impact_report_ii.pdf|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408052709/http://kisefront01.ki.se/sites/default/files/eua_global_university_rankings_and_their_impact_report_ii.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

URAP is mentioned as one of the four ranking systems that solely measure the academic performance. The other three are [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]], [[CWTS Leiden Ranking]], and SCImago Institutions Rankings.<ref name=partial>{{cite journal|last1=Jajo|first1=Nethal K.|last2=Harrison|first2=Jen|title=World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling|journal=Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management|date=11 July 2014|volume=36|issue=5|page=473|doi=10.1080/1360080X.2014.936090|s2cid=154548421}}</ref> URAP excludes teaching indicators, such as student quality and teaching performance, from global rankings and only covers research-oriented indicators.<ref name=where /><ref name=ireg>{{cite web|title=The URAP Ranking|url=http://www.ireg-observatory.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=307&Itemid=1|website=[[IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence]]|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> In the  “International Benchmarking in UK higher Education”<ref>{{cite book|last1=Boxall|first1=Mike|last2=Webb|first2=Andrew|last3=Ramsden|first3=Brian|title=International Benchmarking in UK Higher Education|date=2011|publisher=PA Consulting Group|location=London|page=11|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/pr167|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330083922/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/pr167|archive-date=2015-03-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> report  of the [[Higher Education Statistics Agency]], URAP is listed among the benchmarking resources  for measuring academic. In the same report, URAP is categorized in the  “whole university rankings” along with [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]] (THE), [[QS World University Rankings]], [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] (ARWU),  CHE Excellence Rankings, RatER Global University Ranking of World Universities, [[Webometrics Ranking of World Universities]],  2010 World University Ranking, SIR World Report, [[CWTS Leiden Ranking]], U-Multirank,  European Research Ranking, [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]],  Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR), and Professional Classification of Higher Education Institutions.

===URAP in Research, Books, and Reports===
URAP is mentioned and used in  several studies based on, or referring to,  global rankings. In the “World University Ranking Systems: An Alternative Approach Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling”<ref name=partial /> article, published in the ''Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management'', Urap is incorporated in the suggested model as one of the nine major worldwide university ranking systems along with ARWU, QS, Times, Webometrics, Taiwan. Leiden, SIR, and CWUR. In the same article, URAP is categorized among the ranking systems that are based solely on publication performance. The other ranking systems in the same category are [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]], [[CWTS Leiden Ranking]], and SCImago Institutions Rankings.

The following is a list of some of the books, peer reviewed articles, and conference proceedings  that have covered URAP or have incorporated it in their models or comparisons.

* Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments, European Journal of Education <ref name=where />
* World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management <ref name=partial />
*  Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Transformation of Learning and Society<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fadeeva|first1=Zinaida|last2=Galkute|first2=Laima|last3=Mader|first3=Clemens|last4=Scott|first4=Geoff|title=Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Transformation of Learning and Society|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1137459138|page=29|date=2014-10-31}}</ref>
*  Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey,  Journal of Higher Education.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Çokgezen|first1=Murat|title=Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey|journal=Journal of Higher Education|date=2012|volume=4|issue=1|pages=23–31}}</ref>
* Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bassiliades|first1=Nick|title=Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications|chapter=Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques|journal=Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications Communications in Computer and Information Science|date=2014|volume=469|pages=23–46|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_2|series=Communications in Computer and Information Science|isbn=978-3-319-13205-1|s2cid=34466373}}</ref>
* URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance, Scientometrics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alaşehir|first1=Oğuzhan|last2=Çakır|first2=Murat Perit|last3=Acartürk|first3=Cengiz|last4=Baykal|first4=Nazife|last5=Akbulut|first5=Ural|title=URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance|journal=Scientometrics|date=2014|volume=101|issue=1|pages=159–178|doi=10.1007/s11192-014-1333-4|s2cid=11860359}}</ref>
* Global University Rankings and Their Impact, EUA Report in Rankings 2013, European University Association.<ref name=eua />
* Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period, Scientometrics.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kutlar|first1=Aziz|last2=Kabasakal|first2=Ali|last3=Ekici|first3=Mehmet Sena|title=Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period|journal=Scientometrics|date=2013|volume=97|issue=3|pages=639–658|doi=10.1007/s11192-013-0973-0|s2cid=6552988}}</ref>
* A Type-2 Fuzzy MCDM Method for Ranking Private Universities in İstanbul, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, 2014.<ref>{{cite conference |first1 = Melike|last1=Erdoğan|first2=İhsan|last2=Kaya|title=A Type-2 Fuzzy MCDM Method for Ranking Private Universities in İstanbul|book-title=Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering|date =2014|location=London|url=http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2014/WCE2014_pp19-22.pdf}}</ref>
* Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities, The Electronic Library.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=H. Wordofa|first1=Kebede|title=Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities|journal=The Electronic Library|date=April 2014|volume=32|issue=2|pages=262–277|doi=10.1108/EL-07-2012-0077}}</ref>
* Examining Job Description to Develop Job Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institution Based on MBNQA Education Criteria, Journal of Education & Vocational Research.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Citra Sondari|first1=Mery|title=Examining Job Description to Develop Job Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institution Based on MBNQA Education Criteria|journal=Journal of Education & Vocational Research|date=2013|volume=4|issue=4|pages=101–108|doi=10.22610/jevr.v4i4.107|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Software Quality in Academic Curriculum: A Case Study in Turkey, 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA).<ref>{{cite conference |first1=O Tolga|last1=Pusatli|first2=Sanjay|last2=Misra|title=Software Quality in Academic Curriculum: A Case Study in Turkey|book-title=12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)|publisher=IEEE|pages=162–166|date =2012|location=Salvador, Bahia, Brazil|doi=10.1109/ICCSA.2012.40}}</ref>
* University Ranking Lists:A directory., 2013 Report, Division of Analysis and Evaluation, University of Gothenburg.<ref name=gothenburg>{{cite web|title=University Ranking Lists:A directory.|url=http://medarbetarportalen.gu.se/digitalAssets/1450/1450353_rankings_directory_gamma20130516.pdf|location=University of Gothenburgh|page=21|date=2013}}</ref>
* The "ASERF E News Bulletin on Education" published by Apeejay Stya Education Research Foundation compares the ranking results of THE with other ranking systems, including URAP and QS, for the top 10 universities in some countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASERF E News Bulletin on EDUCATION|url=http://www.aserf.org.in/bulletins/bulletin154/bulletin154.pdf|website=Apeejay Stya Education Research Foundation|access-date=25 March 2015}}</ref>

===URAP in Press===

* Thomson Reuters partners with Times on university rankings<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson Reuters partners with Times on university rankings|url=http://www.researchinformation.info/news/news_story.php?news_id=1795|website=Research Information |access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>
* Press release of [[University of Tübingen]], released on 03.04.2013, covered the ranking of the university based in URAP.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tübingen No. 5 in Germany – URAP 2012 World University Rankings|url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/uploads/media/13-04-30PM-URAP-Ranking_en.pdf|website=University of Tübingen|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
* Turkey and Arab states announce new HE collaboration, University World News<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey and Arab states announce new HE collaboration|url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20140508182557576|website=University World News|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>
* Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings, University World News<ref>{{cite web|last1=Holmes|first1=Richard|title=Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings|url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20120630083447805|website=University World News}}</ref>
*  10 Turkish universities rank among top 500, Hurriyet Daily News<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Turkish universities rank among top 500|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/10-turkish-universities-rank-among-top-500-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=25586&NewsCatID=341|website=Hurriyet Daily News| date=16 July 2012 }}</ref>
* The report of inclusion of five Romanian universities in international rankings based on QS, URAP, U-maltirank, and other ranking systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=Five Romanian universities included in international rankings|url=http://www.romania-insider.com/five-romanian-universities-included-in-international-rankings/140037/|website=Romania Insider|access-date=25 March 2015}}</ref>

===URAP in university reports and websites===
Annual URAP ranking results are used by a number of listed universities to indicate their academic performance. The following is a short list of links to university pages  that has mentioned URAP results either independently or in conjunction with other ranking results.

* The comparison of the latest results and previous results of URAP, along with other ranking systems, Provided by the [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=THE UPC IN THE MAIN UNIVERSITY RANKINGS|url=https://gpaq.upc.edu/ranquings/?op=mostrar_poster&idioma=en|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>
* The profile of the rankings of [[Newcastle University]] from 2010 to 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Profile of Newcastle University's rankings over recent years|url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/assets/documents/Newcastle-University-Rankings-Profile.pdf|website=www.ncl.ac.uk/|access-date=2015-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901051257/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/assets/documents/Newcastle-University-Rankings-Profile.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the current ranking results according to URAP and other ranking systems.<ref>{{cite web|title=Current Rankings|url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/quality/leaguetables/|website=Newcastle University|access-date=24 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012020/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/about/quality/leaguetables/|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
* URAP ranking results for top 16 universities of Thailand for 2013-2014 for [[Mahidol University]] . The report also includes the results for 2012-2013 and the results of all major ranking systems<ref>{{cite web|title=University Rankings|url=http://stang.sc.mahidol.ac.th/eng/research/ranking.htm#urap|website=Mahidol University|access-date=2015-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831232154/http://stang.sc.mahidol.ac.th/eng/research/ranking.htm#urap|archive-date=2015-08-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The report of the global standing of [[Seoul National University]] including the URAP results for 2014-2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Standing|url=http://www.useoul.edu/global-standing|website=Seoul National University}}</ref>
* On page 32 of the "Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2013" of the [[University of Calgary]] has used URAP results for 2012 to compare the university with its top 5 peers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2013|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/news/files/news/13-UNV-003-AnnualReport-digital.pdf|website=University of Calgary}}</ref>
* The report of the ranking of  [[University of Pittsburgh]] based on URAP results since 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Pittsburgh Ranks No. 22 Globally for Scholarly Publications|url=http://www.news.pitt.edu/news/university-pittsburgh-ranks-no-22-globally-scholarly-publications|website=University of Pittsburgh|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
* News report of the ranking of [[University College Dublin]] based in URAP and QS.<ref>{{cite web|title=UCD News. UCD ranked in top 200 for 22 subjects out of 30 categories in QS World University Rankings|url=http://www.ucd.ie/news/2014/02FEB14/270214-UCD-ranked-in-top-in-top-200-for-22-subjects-out-of-30-categories-in-QS-World-University-Rankings.html|website=University College Dublin|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
* Global ranking in 2011 of the [[Griffith University]] based in ARWU, QS, THE, Leiden, and URAP.<ref>{{cite web|title=Griffith's global rankings in 2011|url=http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/403638/internationalisation_global_ranking_2011.pdf|website=Griffith University|access-date=24 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521091814/http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/403638/internationalisation_global_ranking_2011.pdf|archive-date=2013-05-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On page 6 of the "Facts and Figures" report published by the [[University of Erlangen-Nuremberg]]  URAP result is used to justify that their ranking in other systems is not a "one-off success story".<ref>{{cite web|title=Facts and Figures|url=https://www.fau.de/files/2013/10/facts-and-figures.pdf|website=University of Erlangen-Nuremberg|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

==Criticism==
The indicators used in URAP are absolute values and size-dependent making it biased towards larger institutions.<ref name=eua /><ref name=ireg /> 
According to the  “EUA report on Ranking for 2013“ published by the [[European University Association]],  URAP disregards books, excludes studies in arts and humanities areas, and under-represents social sciences. Furthermore,  URAP does not employ any compensation for different publication cultures due to the lack of field-normalization of the results of bibliometric indicators. The report further states that “The results of the indicator on citation numbers in particular, as well as those on publication counts, are thus skewed towards the natural sciences and especially medicine.” It also states that excluding teaching indicators by URAP makes its  focus solely on research-oriented institutions.<ref name=eua />

The “University Ranking Lists: A directory” report  published by the Division for Analysis and Evaluation of the [[University of Gothenburg]] points out  a problem that might arise from including more than 500 institutions in the ranking system. It states that “It [URAP] lists 2000 universities, and the purpose is to provide a ranking that covers not only institutions in the Western elite group. This purpose contrasts starkly with other ranking producers’ decisions not to publish more than the 400-500 top positions of their lists, since they do not consider their methods reliable below that level. [URAP] do not comment this problem.”<ref name=gothenburg />

==See also==

*[[College and university rankings]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://urapcenter.org/ Official Website]

{{University ranking systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:University Ranking by Academic Performance}}
[[Category:University and college rankings]]