View source for Ultrawide formats

{{Short description|Photo and video display formats}}
{{redirect|Ultrawide|the type of camera lens|Ultra wide angle lens}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2023}}
[[File:Vector Video Standards8.svg|thumb|500px|Comparison of [[List of common resolutions|common display resolutions]]]]
'''অঠেফচফিফUltrawide formats''' refers to photos, videos,<ref>[http://www.in70mm.com/news/2010/widescreen/ A History of Widescreen and Wide-Film Projection Processes]</ref> and displays<ref>[https://www.howtogeek.com/245935/all-about-ultrawide-monitors-the-latest-trend-in-gaming-and-productivity/ All About Ultrawide Monitors, the Latest Trend in Gaming and Productivity]</ref> with [[Aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratios]] greater than 2. <!-- Ever since the advent of 1:1 Photography,<ref>101 roll -[http://bvipirate.com/Kodak/FilmHist.html History of Kodak Roll Film Numbers]</ref> photographers, videographers, and consequently display makers, have been trying to move to wider formats, and old camera companies like Polaroid, that refused the growing demands for wider standards, lost business<ref>[https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/what-was-polaroid-thinking What was Polaroid thinking?] -[[Yale_School_of_Management#Research|Yale Insights]]</ref> -->  There were multiple moves in history towards wider formats, including one by Disney,<ref name=disney6.85>p20, Sherlock, Daniel J. [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080309094629/http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf "Wide Screen Movies" Corrections], 1994–2004</ref> with some of them being more successful than others.

Cameras usually capture ultra-wide photos and videos using an [[anamorphic format]] lens, which shrinks the extended horizontal [[Field of view|field-of-view]] (FOV) while saving on film or disk.<ref>[http://www.red.com/learn/red-101/anamorphic-lenses Red Camera: Anamorphic lens intro]</ref>

==Historic Ultrawide Cinema==
{{Main|List of motion picture film formats}}
Historically ultrawide movie formats have varied between ~2.35 (1678:715), ~2.39 (1024:429) and 2.4. To complicate matters further, films were also produced in following ratios: 2.55, 2.76 and 4. 
Developed by Rowe E. Carney Jr. and Tom F. Smith, the Smith-Carney System used a 3 camera system, with 4.6{{overline|945}} (1737:370) ratio, to project movies in 180°.<ref>[http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/smith-carney.htm Smith-Carney System]</ref> Disney even created a 6.85 ratio, using 5 projectors to display 200°. The only movie filmed in Disney's 6.85 ratio is ''[[Impressions de France]]''.<ref name=disney6.85 />

==Wide aspect ratios==
Suggested by [[Kerns H. Powers]] of [[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers|SMPTE]] in USA, the [[16:9 aspect ratio]] was developed to unify all other aspect ratios. Subsequently it became the universal standard for ''[[widescreen]]'' and [[high-definition television]].

Around 2007, cameras and non-television screens began to switch from [[15:9 aspect ratio|15:9 (5:3)]] and [[16:10 aspect ratio|16:10 (8:5)]] to 16:9 resolutions. 

==Extra-wide aspect ratios{{anchor|Univisium}}==
[[Univisium]] is an aspect ratio of 2:1, created by [[Vittorio Storaro]] of the [[American Society of Cinematographers]] (ASC) originally intended to unify all other aspect ratios used in movies. 

It is popular on smartphones and cheap VR{{clarify|date=May 2020}} displays. VR displays halve the screen into two, one for each eye. So a 2:1 VR screen would be halved into two 1:1 screens. Smartphones began moving to this aspect ratio since late 2010s with the release of [[Samsung Galaxy S8]], advertised as 18:9.

==Ultra-wide aspect ratios{{anchor|Ultrawide Cinema}}==
[[21:9 aspect ratio|'''21:9''']] is a [[consumer electronics]] (CE) marketing term to describe the ultra-widescreen aspect ratio of 64:27 (21{{frac|1|3}}:9) = 1024:432 for multiples of 1080 lines. It is used for multiple [[anamorphic format#Aspect ratio|anamorphic formats]] and [[Digital Cinema Initiatives|DCI]] 1024:429 (21.{{overline|482517}}:9), but also for ultrawide computer monitors, including 43:18 (21{{frac|1|2}}:9) for resolutions based on 720 lines and 12:5 (21{{frac|3|5}}:9) for ultrawide variants of resolutions based either on 960 pixels width or 900 lines height.

The 64:27 aspect ratio is the logical extension of the existing video aspect ratios 4:3 and 16:9. It is the third power of 4:3, whereas 16:9 of widescreen HDTV is 4:3 squared. This allows electronic scalers and optical anamorphic lenses to use an easily implementable 4:3 (1.3{{overline|3}}) scaling factor.

<math>\tfrac{4}{3} \cdot \tfrac{4}{3} \cdot \tfrac{4}{3} = \tfrac{64}{27}</math>

21:9 movies usually refers to 1024:429 ≈ 2.387, the aspect ratio of digital ultrawide cinema formats, which is often rounded up to 2.39:1 or 2.4:1

Ultrawide resolution can also be described by its height, such as "UW 1080" and "1080p ultrawide" both stands for the same 2560×1080 resolution.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ultra-wide (UW) resolutions
|-
! common name || aspect ratio || resolution
|-
| WFHD || {{ratio|64|27}} || 2560×1080
|-
| WFHD+ || {{ratio|12|5}} || 2880×1200
|-
| WQHD || {{ratio|43|18}} || 3440×1440
|-
| WQHD+ || {{ratio|12|5}} || 3840×1600
|-
| UW4K || {{ratio|12|5}} || 4320×1800
|-
| UW5K (WUHD) || {{ratio|64|27}} || 5120×2160
|-
| UW5K+ || {{ratio|12|5}} || 5760×2400
|- 
| UW6K || {{ratio|43|18}} || 6880×2880
|- 
| UW7K || {{ratio|12|5}} || 7680×3200
|-
| UW8K || {{ratio|12|5}} || 8640×3600
|-
| UW10K || {{ratio|64|27}} || 10240×4320
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ultra-wide (UW) aspect ratios
|-
! decimal !! simple !! {{ratio|n|9}}
|-
| 2.{{overline|370}} || {{ratio|64|27}} || {{ratio|21{{frac|1|3}}|9}}
|-
| 2.3{{overline|8}}|| {{ratio|43|18}} || {{ratio|21{{frac|1|2}}|9}}
|-
| 2.4 || {{ratio|12|5}} || {{ratio|21{{frac|3|5}}|9}}
|}

== Super-wide aspect ratios {{anchor|Ultra-Widescreen 3.6}}==
In 2016, IMAX announced the release of films in '''Ultra-WideScreen 3.6''' format,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imax.com/news/voyage-time-imax-experience-ultra-widescreen | title=Voyage of Time: The IMAX Experience in Ultra-Widescreen | publisher=[[IMAX]].com | date=Dec 7, 2016 | access-date=April 27, 2018 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2021}} with an aspect ratio of 18:5 (36:10).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/in-contention/terrence-malick-ultra-wide-voyage-of-time-re-release-1201933834/ |title='Ultra Widescreen' Version of Terrence Malick's 'Voyage of Time' Set for Release  |publisher=variety.com |date=Dec 5, 2016 |access-date=April 27, 2018 | author = Kristopher Tapley}}</ref> A year later, Samsung and Phillips announced 'super ultra-wide displays', with aspect ratio of 32:9, for "iMax-style cinematic viewing".<ref>[https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-to-launch-worlds-largest-qled-gaming-monitor-at-gamescom-2017 super ultra-wide -Samsung News]</ref>  Panacast developed a 32:9 webcam with three integrated cameras giving 180° view, and resolution matching upcoming 5K 32:9 monitors, 5120x1440.<ref>[https://www.vrfocus.com/2017/12/altia-systems-launches-new-panoramic-camera/ Panacast]</ref> In 2018 Q4, Dell released the U4919DW, a 5K 32:9 monitor with a resolution of 5120x1440, and Phillips announced the 499P9H with the same resolution. 32:9 Ultrawide monitors are often sold as an alternative to dual 16:9 monitor setups and for more inmersive experiences while playing videogames, and many are capable of displaying 2 16:9 inputs at the same time.

32:9 aspect ratio is derived from 16:9 being twice as large. Some manufacturers therefore refer to the resulting total display resolution with a D prefix for ''dual'' or ''double''.

Super wide resolutions refers to that with aspect ratio greater than 3.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Super-wide (SW) resolutions
|-
! common name || aspect ratio || resolution
|-
| DWXGA+ || {{ratio|16|5}} || 2880×900
|-
| DFHD || {{ratio|32|9}} || 3840×1080
|-
| DFHD+ || {{ratio|16|5}} || 3840×1200
|-
| SWFHD+ || {{ratio|18|5}} || 4320×1200
|-
| DQHD || {{ratio|32|9}} || 5120×1440
|-
| DQHD+ || {{ratio|16|5}} || 5120×1600
|-
| SWQHD+ || {{ratio|18|5}} || 5760×1600
|-
| 16:5 5K || {{ratio|16|5}} || 5760×1800
|-
| 32:9 6K || {{ratio|32|9}} || 6400×1800
|-
| 18:5 6K || {{ratio|18|5}} || 6480×1800
|-
| DUHD || {{ratio|32|9}} || 7680×2160
|-
| DUHD+ || {{ratio|16|5}} || 7680×2400
|-
| 18:5 8K || {{ratio|18|5}} || 8640×2400
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Super-wide (SW) aspect ratios
|-
! decimal !! simple !! n:9
|-
| 3.2 || {{ratio|16|5}} || {{ratio|{{frac|28|4|5}}|9}}
|-
| 3.{{overline|5}} || {{ratio|32|9}} || {{ratio|32|9}}
|-
| 3.6 || {{ratio|18|5}} || {{ratio|{{frac|32|2|5}}|9}}
|}
Ultra-WideScreen 3.6 video never spread, as cinemas in an even wider ScreenX 270° format were released.<ref name=ScreenX1>[https://filmmakermagazine.com/76652-introducing-screen-x-cinema-in-270-degrees/ Introducing Screen X, Cinema in 270 Degrees]</ref>

== 4:1 (36:9) ==
[[Abel Gance]] experimented with ultrawide formats including making a film in 4:1 (36:9).  He made a rare use of [[Polyvision]], three 35&nbsp;mm 1.{{overline|3}} images projected side by side in the 1927 film ''[[Napoléon (1927 film)|Napoléon]]''.

AT NAB 2019, [[Sony]] introduced a 19.2-metre-wide by 5.4-metre-tall commercial 16K display.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/sonys-massive-new-microled-display-stands-17-feet-tall-and-packs-16k-resolution/
| title=Sony's massive new MicroLED display stands 17 feet tall and packs 16K resolution
| first=Ryan
| last=Waniata
| date=2019-04-10
| publisher=[[Digital Trends]]
| access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/09/13/sony-crystal-cinema-16k-home-theater/|title=Sony's Crystal cinema display supports 16K, but could cost millions|first=Steve|last=Dent|date=2019-09-13|website=[[Engadget]]|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref> It is made up of 576 modules (48 by 12) each 360 pixels across, resulting in a 4:1, 17280x4320p screen.

==Multi-Screen Theaters==

Developed by [[CJ CGV]] in 2012, [[ScreenX]] uses three (or more) projectors to display 270° content,<ref name=ScreenX1 /> with an unknown aspect ratio above 4. Walls on both sides of a ScreenX theatre are used as projector screens.

Developed by [[Barco N.V.]] in 2015, [[Barco Escape]] used three projectors of 2.39 ratio to display 270° content, with an aspect ratio of 7.17. The two side screens were angled at 45 degree in order to cover peripheral vision. Barco Escape shut down in February 2018.

==Comparison==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Decimal value !! Aspect ratio !! Format name !! Resolutions !! Lens & Film
|-
| 1.{{overline|185}} || 32:27 || DVCPRO HD || 640×540, 1280×1080 || 1x
|-
| 1.25 || 5:4 || DV PAL || 720×576, 1280×1024, 1500×1200  || 1x
|-
| 1.{{overline|3}} || 4:3 || Video Graphics Array || 320×240, 480×360, 512×384, 576×432, 640×480, 704×528, 720×540, 800×600, 960×720, 1000×750, 1024×768, 1152×864, 1280×960, 1440×1080, 1600×1200 || SDTV
|-
| 1.5 || 3:2 || DV NTSC / laptops || 720×480, 1920×1280, 2160×1440, 2256×1504, 2400×1600, 3000×2000 || 1x
|-
| 1.6 || 8:5 || 16:10 widescreen (PC only) || 1280×800, 1440×900, 1680×1050, 1920×1200, 2560×1600, 2880×1800, 3072×1920, 3840×2400 || -
|-
| 1.{{overline|6}} || 5:3 || European Widescreen || 400×240, 800×480, 1280×768 || Super 16&nbsp;mm 
|-
| 1.{{overline|7}} || 16:9 || Widescreen || 1920×1080, 2560×1440, 3840×2160, 7680×4320 || Anamorphic 1.5x on 32:27, HDTV
|-
|1.618
|16:10
|16:10 Tallboy
|640×400, 960×600, 1280×800, 1440×900, 1680×1050, 1920×1200, 2560×1600, 3840×2400
| -
|-
| 1.85 || 37:20 || "Flat" [[Digital Cinema Initiatives|DCI]]|| 2000×1080, 4000×2160 || 1x
|-
| 1.8{{overline|962}} || 256:135 || "Full" [[Digital Cinema Initiatives|DCI]]|| 2048×1080, 4096×2160 || 1x
|-
| 2.0 || 2:1 || VistaVision / Univisium || 2160×1080, 2400×1200, 2880×1440, 3200×1600, 3600×1800, 3840×1920, 4320×2160, 4800×2400, 5760×2880 || VR cameras (most)
|-
| 2.3{{overline|468531}} || 1678:715<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/apertures.htm | title=Wide Screen Apertures and Aspect Ratios | publisher=The American WideScreen Museum | date=October 17, 2000 | access-date=November 2, 2018}}</ref> || Cinemascope (1950s–1970s) || analog || Anamorphic 2x on 35&nbsp;mm with optical audio
|-
| 2.{{overline|370}} || 64:27 || "21:9" ultrawide || 2560×1080, 5120×2160, 7680×3240, 10240×4320 || Dashcam, Anamorphic 1.33x on 16:9, 1.25x on [[Digital Cinema Initiatives|DCI]] 256:135, 2x on 32:27
|-
| 2.{{overline|386946}} || 1024:429 || "Scope" [[Digital Cinema Initiatives|DCI]] cinema format || 2048×858, 4096×1716, 8192×3432 || 1x
|-
| 2.3{{overline|8}} || 43:18 || "21:9" ultrawide (PC only) || 3440×1440, 5160×2160, 6880×2880 || -
|-
| 2.4 || 12:5 || 24:10 ultrawide || 2880×1200, 3840×1600, 4320×1800, 5760×2400, 7680×3200 || -
|-
| 2.55  || 51:20 || Cinemascope 55 || analog || Anamorphic 2x on 35&nbsp;mm without optical audio
|-
| 2.{{overline|6}} || 8:3 || Cinerama / 24:9 ultrawide (PC only) || 1280×480, 2880×1080, 3840×1440, 5120×1920, 5760×2160, 7680×2880, 10240×3840 || 2х
|-
| 2.76 || 69:25 || Ultra Panavision || analog || Anamorphic 1.25x on 70&nbsp;mm
|-
| 3.2 || 16:5 || 32:10 super wide (PC only) || 2880×900, 3840×1200, 5120×1600, 5760×1800, 7680×2400, 10240×3200 || -
|-
| 3.{{overline|5}} || 32:9 || 32:9 super wide (PC only) || 3840×1080, 5120×1440, 7680×2160, 10240×2880 || -
|-
| 3.6 || 18:5 || 36:10 super wide (ultra-widescreen 3.6) || 4320×1200, 5760×1600, 6480×1800, 8640×2400 || 1x
|-
| 4.0 || 4:1 || Polyvision || analog / 3 images 4:3 projected side by side || 3x
|}

==See also==
*[[14:9 aspect ratio]]
*[[Display resolution standards]]
*[[Angle of view (photography)|Angle of view]]
*[[Field of view in video games]]
*[[Dot pitch]]
*[[Pixel density]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ratios]]
[[Category:Media formats]]
[[Category:Television technology]]
[[Category:Computer display standards]]
[[Category:Video game hardware]]