View source for Timothy Gowers

{{short description|British mathematician}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = Sir
| name              = Timothy Gowers
| honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|size=100|FRS}}
| image             = William Timothy Gowers Oslo 2012.jpg
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = Gowers at the [[Abel Prize]] ceremony in 2012
| birth_name        = William Timothy Gowers
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1963|11|20|df=y}}<ref name="whoswho">
{{Who's Who | author=Anon| title=Gowers, Sir (William) Timothy| id = U17733 | year = 2013 | doi =10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U17733 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford}}</ref>
| birth_place       = [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]], [[Wiltshire]], [[England]], UK
| field             =
| work_institutions = [[University of Cambridge]]<br />[[University College London]]
| education         = [[King's College School, Cambridge]]<br/>[[Eton College]]
| alma_mater        = [[University of Cambridge]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Béla Bollobás]]<ref name="mathgene"/>
| doctoral_students = [[David Conlon]]<br />[[Ben Joseph Green|Ben Green]]<br />[[Tom Sanders (mathematician)|Tom Sanders]]<ref name="mathgene"/>
| thesis_title      = Symmetric Structures in Banach Spaces
| thesis_year       = 1990
| thesis_url        = http://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16243
| known_for         = {{Plainlist| 
*[[Functional analysis]]
*[[combinatorics]]
*[[Quasirandom group]]
}}
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
<!--only include awards notable enough to have dedicated wikipedia articles-->
* [[Fields Medal]] (1998)
* [[Knight Bachelor]] (2012)<ref name="whoswho"/>
* [[Nature's 10]] (2012)<ref name=n102012/>
* [[De Morgan Medal]] (2016) 
*[[Sylvester Medal]] (2016)}}
| religion          = 
| footnotes         = 
| signature         = 
| website           = {{URL|http://gowers.wordpress.com}}<br/> {{URL|https://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~wtg10}} 
}}
'''Sir William Timothy Gowers''', {{post-nominals|size=100|FRS}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|aʊ|.|ər|z}}; born 20 November 1963)<ref name=whoswho/> is a British [[mathematician]]. He is Professeur titulaire of the [[Combinatorics]] chair at the [[Collège de France]], and director of research at the [[University of Cambridge]] and Fellow of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. In 1998, he received the [[Fields Medal]] for research connecting the fields of [[functional analysis]] and [[combinatorics]].<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy}}</ref><ref name="olympiad">{{IMO results |id=11101}}</ref><ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Gowers}}</ref>

==Education==
Gowers attended [[King's College School, Cambridge]], as a choirboy in the [[choir of King's College, Cambridge|King's College choir]], and then [[Eton College]]<ref name="whoswho" /> as a [[King's Scholar]], where he was taught mathematics by [[Norman Routledge]].<ref name="dalyell13">{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/norman-routledge-inspirational-teacher-and-mathematician-8635050.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/norman-routledge-inspirational-teacher-and-mathematician-8635050.html |archive-date=21 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Norman Arthur Routledge: Inspirational teacher and mathematician | first=Tam | last=Dalyell | date=29 May 2013 | newspaper=[[The Independent]] | access-date=15 April 2020 }}</ref> In 1981, Gowers won a gold medal at the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] with a perfect score.<ref>Mohammed Aassila – Olympiades Internationales de Mathématiques. Ed ellipses, Paris 2003 p. 156</ref> He completed his PhD, with a [[dissertation]] on ''Symmetric Structures in Banach Spaces''<ref name="gowersphd"/> at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] in 1990, supervised by [[Béla Bollobás]].<ref name=gowersphd>{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252814|doi=10.17863/CAM.16243|title=Symmetric structures in Banach spaces|first= William Timothy|last=Gowers|date=1990|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.333263}}|website=cam.ac.uk|oclc=556577304}}</ref><ref name="mathgene"/>

==Career and research==
After his PhD, Gowers was elected to a Junior Research Fellowship at Trinity College. From 1991 until his return to Cambridge in 1995 he was lecturer at [[University College London]]. He was elected to the Rouse Ball Professorship at Cambridge in 1998. During 2000–2 he was visiting professor at [[Princeton University]]. In May 2020 it was announced<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=3E141102BC9AE3B60BFFEEEFB101DAEA.tplgfr29s_1?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000041894448&dateTexte=&oldAction=rechJO&categorieLien=id&idJO=JORFCONT000041893802 | title= Décret du 18 mai 2020 portant nomination et titularisation (enseignements supérieurs)}}</ref> that he would be assuming the title ''chaire de combinatoire'' at the [[College de France]] beginning in October 2020, though he intends<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/wtgowers/status/1263398371584348160 | title= Timothy Gowers twitter feed}}</ref> to continue to reside in Cambridge and maintain a part-time affiliation at the university, as well as enjoy the privileges of his life fellowship of Trinity College.

Gowers initially worked on [[Banach spaces]]. He used combinatorial tools in proving several of [[Stefan Banach]]'s conjectures in the subject, in particular constructing a Banach space with almost no symmetry, serving as a counterexample to several other conjectures.<ref>[http://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/gowers.html 1998 Fields Medalist William Timothy Gowers] from the [[American Mathematical Society]]</ref> With [[Bernard Maurey]] he resolved the "unconditional basic sequence problem" in 1992, showing that not every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional subspace that admits an [[Schauder basis|unconditional Schauder basis]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0894-0347-1993-1201238-0|author=Gowers, William Timothy|author2=Maurey, Bernard|title=The unconditional basic sequence problem|journal=Journal of the American Mathematical Society|volume=6|issue=4|year=1993|pages=851–874|arxiv=math/9205204|s2cid=5963081}}</ref>

After this, Gowers turned to combinatorics and combinatorial number theory. In 1997 he proved<ref>{{cite journal | first=W. Timothy | last=Gowers | title=A lower bound of tower type for Szemeredi's uniformity lemma | journal=[[Geometric and Functional Analysis]] | volume=7 | year=1997 | issue=2 | pages=322–337 | mr=1445389 | doi=10.1007/PL00001621| s2cid=115242956 }}</ref> that the [[Szemerédi regularity lemma]] necessarily comes with tower-type bounds.

In 1998, Gowers proved<ref>{{cite journal | first=W. Timothy | last=Gowers | title=A new proof of Szemeréi's theorem | journal=[[Geometric and Functional Analysis]] | volume=11 | year=2001 | issue=3 | pages=465–588 | mr=1844079 | doi=10.1007/s00039-001-0332-9| citeseerx=10.1.1.145.2961 | s2cid=124324198 }}</ref> the first effective bounds for [[Szemerédi's theorem]], showing that any subset <math>A \subset \{1,\dots, N\}</math> free of ''k''-term arithmetic progressions has cardinality <math>O(N (\log \log N)^{-c_k})</math> for an appropriate <math>c_k > 0</math>. One of the ingredients in Gowers's argument is a tool now known as the Balog–Szemerédi–Gowers theorem, which has found many further applications. He also introduced the [[Gowers norm]]s, a tool in [[arithmetic combinatorics]], and provided the basic techniques for analysing them. This work was further developed by [[Ben Green (mathematician)|Ben Green]] and [[Terence Tao]], leading to the [[Green–Tao theorem]].

In 2003, Gowers established a regularity lemma for [[hypergraph]]s,<ref>{{cite journal | first=W. Timothy | last=Gowers | title=Hypergraph regularity and the multidimensional Szemeredi theorem | journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] | volume=166 | issue=3 | doi=10.4007/annals.2007.166.897 | mr=2373376 | year=2007 | pages=897–946| arxiv=0710.3032 | s2cid=56118006 }}</ref> analogous to the [[Szemerédi regularity lemma]] for [[graph (discrete mathematics)|graph]]s.

In 2005, he introduced<ref>{{cite journal | first=W.Timothy | last=Gowers | mr=2410393 | title=Quasirandom groups | year=2008 | issue=3 | volume=17 | pages=363–387 | journal=[[Combinatorics, Probability and Computing]] | doi=10.1017/S0963548307008826 | arxiv=0710.3877| s2cid=45356584 }}</ref> the notion of a [[quasirandom group]].

More recently, Gowers has worked on [[Ramsey theory]] in [[random graph]]s and random sets with [[David Conlon]], and has turned his attention<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://gowers.wordpress.com/2013/10/24/what-i-did-in-my-summer-holidays/ | title=What I did in my summer holidays| date=24 October 2013}}</ref> to other problems such as the [[P versus NP problem]]. He has also developed an interest, in joint work with Mohan Ganesalingam,<ref>{{cite arXiv | title=A fully automatic problem solver with human-style output | eprint=1309.4501 | last2=Gowers | first2=W. Timothy | last1=Ganesalingam | first1=Mohan | year=2013| class=cs.AI }}</ref> in automated problem solving.

Gowers has an [[Erdős number]] of three.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/freeTools.html|title=Mathematical Reviews: Collaboration Distance|website=mathscinet.ams.org|access-date=2018-03-22}}</ref>

===Popularisation work===
Gowers has written several works popularising mathematics, including ''Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction'' (2002),<ref>{{cite book |last= Gowers |first= Timothy |title= Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction |publisher= Oxford University Press | year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-19-285361-5 | location=Oxford | mr=2147526 | series=Very Short Introductions | volume=66}}</ref> which describes modern mathematical research for the general reader. He was consulted about the 2005 film ''[[Proof (2005 film)|Proof]]'', starring [[Gwyneth Paltrow]] and [[Anthony Hopkins]]. He edited ''[[The Princeton Companion to Mathematics]]'' (2008), which traces the development of various branches and concepts of modern mathematics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roberts|first=David P.|date=2009|title=Review: The Princeton Companion to Mathematics|url=https://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/the-princeton-companion-to-mathematics|access-date=1 July 2020|website=Mathematical Association of America}}</ref> For his work on this book, he won the 2011 [[Euler Book Prize]] of the [[Mathematical Association of America]].<ref>[http://www.ams.org/profession/prize-booklet-2011.pdf January 2011 Prizes and Awards], [[American Mathematical Society]], retrieved 1 February 2011.</ref> In May 2020 he was made a professor at the Collège de France, a historic institution dedicated to popularising science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/actualites/Sonia-Garel-et-Timothy-Gowers-nommes-professeurs-au-College-de-France.htm|title = Sonia Garel et Timothy Gowers nommés professeurs au Collège de France| date=26 May 2020 }}</ref>

===Blogging===
{{main|Polymath Project}}{{Anchor|Tricki}}
After asking on his blog whether "massively collaborative mathematics" was possible,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gowers | first1 = T. | last2 = Nielsen | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1038/461879a | title = Massively collaborative mathematics | journal = Nature | volume = 461 | issue = 7266 | pages = 879–881 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19829354 |bibcode = 2009Natur.461..879G | s2cid = 205050360 }}</ref> he solicited comments on his blog from people who wanted to try to solve mathematical problems collaboratively.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://gowers.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/is-massively-collaborative-mathematics-possible/|title=Is massively collaborative mathematics possible?|last=Gowers|first=Timothy|publisher=Gowers's Weblog|date=27 January 2009|access-date=30 March 2009}}</ref> The first problem in what is called the Polymath Project, Polymath1, was to find a new combinatorial proof to the density version of the [[Hales–Jewett theorem]]. After seven weeks, Gowers wrote on his blog that the problem was "probably solved".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/?p=584|title=The Polymath project: scope of participation|last=Nielsen|first=Michael|date=20 March 2009|access-date=30 March 2009}}</ref>

In 2009, with Olof Sisask and Alex Frolkin, he invited people to post comments to his blog to contribute to a collection of methods of mathematical problem solving.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gowers.wordpress.com/2009/04/16/tricki-now-fully-live/|title=Tricki now fully live|last=Gowers|first=Timothy|date=16 April 2009|access-date=16 April 2009}}</ref> Contributors to this Wikipedia-style project, called Tricki.org, include [[Terence Tao]] and [[Ben J. Green|Ben Green]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/04/16/tricki-now-live/|title=Tricki now live|last=Tao|first=Terence|publisher=What's new|date=16 April 2009|access-date=16 April 2009}}</ref>

===Elsevier boycott===
{{main|The Cost of Knowledge}}
In 2012, Gowers posted to his blog to call for a boycott of the publishing house [[Elsevier]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Whitfield | first1 = J.| doi = 10.1038/nature.2012.10010 | title = Elsevier boycott gathers pace:Rebel academics ponder how to break free of commercial publishers | journal = Nature | year = 2012 | s2cid = 153496298}}</ref><ref name=n102012>{{Cite journal |last1=Brumfiel |first1=G. |last2=Tollefson |first2=J. |last3=Hand |first3=E. |last4=Baker |first4=M. |last5=Cyranoski |first5=D. |last6=Shen |first6=H. |last7=Van Noorden |first7=R. |last8=Nosengo |first8=N. |last9=Butler |first9=D. 
 |last10=Fouchier |first10=R |year=2012 |title=366 days: ''Nature''{{'}}s 10 |journal=Nature |volume=492 |issue=7429 |pages=335–343  |bibcode= 2012Natur.492..335. |pmid=23257862 |doi=10.1038/492335a|s2cid=4418086 |display-authors=8 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A petition ensued, branded the [[The Cost of Knowledge|Cost of Knowledge]] project, in which researchers commit to stop supporting Elsevier journals. Commenting on the petition in ''[[The Guardian]]'', Alok Jha credited Gowers with starting an [[Academic Spring]].<ref name="occupyelsevier">{{cite web |url= http://the-scientist.com/2012/02/07/occupy-elsevier/ |title=Occupy Elsevier? |first=Bob |last=Grant |work=[[The Scientist (magazine)|The Scientist]] |date=7 February 2012 |access-date=12 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/apr/09/frustrated-blogpost-boycott-scientific-journals |title=Academic spring: how an angry maths blog sparked a scientific revolution|last=Jha |first=Alok |journal=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 April 2012 }}</ref>

In 2016, Gowers started [[Discrete Analysis]] to demonstrate that a high-quality mathematics journal could be inexpensively produced outside of the traditional academic publishing industry.<ref>{{cite web | last=Gowers | first=Timothy | url=https://gowers.wordpress.com/2015/09/10/discrete-analysis-an-arxiv-overlay-journal/ | title=Discrete Analysis – an arXiv overlay journal | date=2015-09-10 | website=Gower's Weblog | access-date=2016-03-02}}</ref>

===Awards and honours===
In 1994, Gowers was an invited speaker at the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] in [[Zurich]] where he discussed the theory of infinite-dimensional Banach spaces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Timothy Gowers – Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gowers/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Maths History}}</ref> In 1996, Gowers received the Prize of the [[European Mathematical Society]], and in 1998 the [[Fields Medal]] for research on [[functional analysis]] and [[combinatorics]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lepowsky, James|author2=Lindenstrauss, Joram|author3=Manin, Yuri I.|author4=Milnor, John|title=The Mathematical Work of the 1998 Fields Medalists|journal=Notices of the AMS|date=January 1999|volume=46|issue=1|pages=17–26|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/199901/fields.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gowers, W. T.|chapter=Fourier analysis and Szemerédi's theorem|title=Doc. Math. (Bielefeld) Extra Vol. ICM Berlin, 1998, vol. I|year=1998|pages=617–629|chapter-url=https://www.elibm.org/ft/10011744000}}</ref> In 1999 he became a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] and a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=William+Timothy+Gowers&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-19|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> In 2012 he was knighted by the British monarch for services to mathematics.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=60173 |date=16 June 2012 |page=1 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/documents/digitalasset/dg_202133.pdf |title=Queens Birthday Honors list |access-date=16 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906075344/http://www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_digitalassets/%40dg/%40en/documents/digitalasset/dg_202133.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2012 }}</ref> He also sits on the selection committee for the Mathematics award, given under the auspices of the [[Shaw Prize]]. He was listed in [[Nature's 10]] people who mattered in 2012.<ref name=n102012/>

==Personal life==
Timothy Gowers was born on 20 November 1963, in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]], [[Wiltshire]], [[England]].<ref name=":0" />

Gowers's father was [[Patrick Gowers]], a composer; his great-grandfather was [[Ernest Gowers|Sir Ernest Gowers]], a British civil servant who was best known for guides to English usage; and his great-great-grandfather was [[William Richard Gowers|Sir William Gowers]], a [[neurology|neurologist]]. He has two siblings, the writer Rebecca Gowers, and the violinist Katharine Gowers. He has five children<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gowers.wordpress.com/2010/11/30/status-update/ |title= Status update |publisher= Timothy Gowers |work= Gowers's Weblog |access-date= 1 December 2010 |date= 30 November 2010 }}</ref> and plays jazz piano.<ref name="whoswho" />

In November 2012, Gowers opted to undergo [[catheter ablation]] to treat a sporadic [[atrial fibrillation]], after performing a mathematical risk–benefit analysis to decide whether to have the treatment.<ref>[http://gowers.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/mathematics-meets-real-life/ Mathematics meets real life], by Tim Gowers, 5 November 2012.</ref>

In 1988, Gowers married [[Emily Gowers|Emily Thomas]], a classicist and Cambridge academic: they divorced in 2007. Together they had three children. In 2008, he married for a second time, to Julie Barrau, a University Lecturer in British Medieval History at the University of Cambridge. They have two children together.<ref name="WW 2019">{{cite web |title=Gowers, Sir (William) Timothy, (born 20 Nov. 1963), Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics, University of Cambridge, since 1998; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, since 1995; Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Research Professor, since 2010 {{!}} WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-17733 |website=[[Who's Who 2019]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=28 July 2019|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U17733 |date=1 December 2018|isbn=978-0-19-954088-4 }}</ref>

==Publications==
===Selected research articles===
* {{cite arXiv |last= Gowers |first= W. T. |author2=Maurey, Bernard |title= The unconditional basic sequence problem |date= 6 May 1992 |eprint=math/9205204}}
* {{cite journal|last= Gowers|first= W. T.|title = A new proof of Szemerédi's theorem|journal = Geom. Funct. Anal. |volume=11 |pages=465–588 |year = 2001|doi= 10.1007/s00039-001-0332-9|issue= 3|citeseerx= 10.1.1.145.2961|s2cid= 124324198}}
* {{cite journal|last = Gowers|first = W. T.|title = Hypergraph regularity and the multidimensional Szemerédi theorem|journal = Ann. of Math. |volume=166 |pages=897–946|year = 2007|doi = 10.4007/annals.2007.166.897|issue = 3|arxiv = 0710.3032|bibcode = 2007arXiv0710.3032G|s2cid = 56118006}}

===Popular mathematics books===
* {{cite book |last= Gowers |first= Timothy |title= Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBxSM7TIq48C |isbn= 978-0-19-285361-5 }}<ref>{{cite web|author=Gouvêa, Fernando Q.|author-link=Fernando Q. Gouvêa|title=Review of ''Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction'' by Timothy Gowers|date=23 May 2003|website=MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America website|url=http://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/mathematics-a-very-short-introduction}}</ref>
* {{cite book |editor-last= Gowers |editor-first= Timothy |title= [[The Princeton Companion to Mathematics]] |publisher= Princeton University Press |year= 2008 |isbn= 978-0-691-11880-2}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/gowers.html 1998 Fields Medalist William Timothy Gowers] from the [[American Mathematical Society]]
* [http://sms.cam.ac.uk/collection/545358 Video lectures by Timothy Gowers on Computational Complexity and Quantum Computation]
* [http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/~ndg/fom/gowersqu.html Timothy Gowers] in Faces of Mathematics
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/153535.stm BBC News (1998): British academics Tim Gowers and Richard Borcherds win top maths awards]
* [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=607 "Multiplying and dividing by whole numbers: Why it is more difficult than you might think"], lecture by Timothy Gowers at Gresham College, 22 May 2007 (available for download as video and audio files)
* {{Cite journal |last=Körner |first=Tom |url=http://www.emis.de/newsletter/newsletter33.pdf |title=Interview with Tim Gowers (Cambridge) |journal=[[Newsletter of the European Mathematical Society]] |pages=8–9 |date=September 1999 |issue=33 }}
* {{planetmath reference|urlname=WilliamTimothyGowers|title=William Timothy Gowers}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/indepth/the_forum.shtml Listen to Timothy Gowers] on The Forum from BBC World Service Radio
* {{IMO results}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPG73753EeM&t=31s 'What can learned societies do to improve scholarly communication?' Audio recording of Sir Timothy Gower's presentation at State Library of Queensland] on [[YouTube]], 29 June 2017

{{Fields medalists}}
{{De Morgan Medallists}}
{{FRS 1999}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gowers, Timothy}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Wiltshire]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Combinatorialists]]
[[Category:British number theorists]]
[[Category:Mathematics popularizers]]
[[Category:20th-century English mathematicians]]
[[Category:21st-century English mathematicians]]
[[Category:Fields Medalists]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Rouse Ball Professors of Mathematics (Cambridge)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Mathematics education in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Academics of University College London]]
[[Category:Whitehead Prize winners]]
[[Category:International Mathematical Olympiad participants]]
[[Category:Science bloggers]]
[[Category:21st-century science writers]]