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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
|name= NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN 
| logo                =  NA61-SHINE_H_logo.png
| logo_size           =  100px
| logo_caption= NA61 Experiment Logo
|image        =
|caption      = 
|headquarters = [[Geneva]], Switzerland
|leader_title = Leader of Experiment
|leader_name  = [[Marek Gazdzicki]]
|formation    = Data taking started on 18-04-2008
|website      = https://shine.web.cern.ch/
}}
{{UA2 experiment}}

'''NA61/SHINE''' (standing for "'''SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment'''") is a [[particle physics]] experiment at the [[Super Proton Synchrotron]] (SPS) at the [[European Organization for Nuclear Research]] (CERN).<ref name=na61proposal>
{{cite web
 |last1=Antoniou |first1=N.
 |display-authors=etal
 |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration
 |year=2006
 |title=Study of hadron production in hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS
 |url=http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/995681?ln=en
 |id=SPSC-P-330, CERN-SPSC-2006-034
|series=Proposal
 }}</ref> The experiment studies the [[hadron]]ic final states produced in interactions of various [[Particle beam|beam particles]] ([[pions]], [[protons]] and [[beryllium]], [[argon]], and [[xenon]] [[atomic nucleus|nuclei]]) with a variety of [[fixed-target experiment|fixed nuclear targets]] at the SPS energies.

About 135 physicists from 14 countries and 35 institutions work in NA61/SHINE, led by [[Marek Gazdzicki]].  NA61/SHINE is the second largest fixed target experiment at CERN.

== Physics program ==
The NA61/SHINE physics program has been designed to measure [[hadron]] production in three different types of collisions:<ref name=na61proposal />
*In [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]]–nucleus ([[heavy ion]]) collisions, in particular the measurement of fluctuations and long range correlations, with the aim to identify the properties of the [[onset of deconfinement]] and find evidence for the [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] of [[QCD matter|strongly interacting matter]].
*In [[proton]]–proton and proton–nucleus interactions needed as reference data for better understanding of nucleus–nucleus reactions; in particular with regards to correlations, fluctuations and high transverse momenta.
*In hadron–nucleus interactions needed for [[neutrino]] ([[T2K]], [[NOvA]] and future [[Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment|DUNE]]) and [[cosmic-ray]] experiments ([[Pierre Auger Observatory]] and [[KASCADE]]).

== Detector ==
The NA61/SHINE experiment uses a large acceptance hadron [[spectrometer]] located on the H2 beam line in the North Area of CERN.<ref name=na61proposal /> It consist of components used by the heavy ion [[NA49 experiment]] as well as those designed and
constructed for NA61/SHINE.<ref name=na61facility>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Abgrall |first1=N.
 |display-authors=etal
 |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration
 |year=2014
 |title=NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system
 |journal=[[Journal of Instrumentation]]
 |volume=9 |issue=2–3 |pages=P06005
 |arxiv=1401.4699
 |bibcode=2014JInst...9P6005A
 |doi=10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/P06005
|s2cid=49214489
 }}</ref>
[[File:SHINE_PSD.jpg|thumb|160x160px|PSD detector for NA61]]
The main tracking devices are four large volume [[time projection chamber]]s (TPCs), which are capable of detecting up to 70% of all charged particles created in the studied reactions. Two of them are located in the magnetic field of two [[superconducting magnet|super-conducting dipole magnets]] with maximum bending powers of 9&nbsp;[[Tesla (unit)|Tesla]] meters. Two others are positioned downstream of the magnets symmetrically with respect to the beam line. Additionally, four small volume [[time projection chamber|TPCs]] placed directly along the beamline region are used in case of hadron and light ion beams.<ref name=na61facility /><ref name=na61ftpc>
{{cite journal
 |last1= Rumberger |first1=B.
 |display-authors=etal
 |year=2020
 |title=The Forward TPC system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN: a tandem TPC concept
 |journal=[[Journal of Instrumentation]]
 |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=P07013
 |arxiv=2004.11358
 |doi=10.1088/1748-0221/15/07/p07013
|bibcode=2020JInst..15P7013R
 |s2cid=216080710
 }}</ref>

The setup is supplemented by [[time of flight detector]] walls, which extend particle identification to low momenta ({{val|1|u=GeV/c}} < p ). Furthermore, the Projectile Spectator Detector (a [[calorimeter (particle physics)|calorimeter]]) is positioned downstream of the time of flight detectors to measure energy of projectile fragments.

== Collected data ==

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#d0e5f5" | Type of interaction
! style="background:#d0e5f5" | Beam momentum <math>\left(\frac{GeV}{c}\right)</math>
! style="background:#d0e5f5" | Year
! style="background:#d0e5f5" | Citation
|-
| {{math|''&pi;''}} + Be || 120 || 2016 || CERN-SPSC-2017-038<ref name=":0">{{cite report|last=Aduszkiewicz|first=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|date=4 October 2017|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS|journal=|series=Status Report|volume=CERN-SPSC-2017-038|doi=10.17181/CERN.0KV8.20KE}}</ref>
|-
| {{math|''&pi;''}} + C || 30, 60, 158, and 350 || 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2017 || CERN-SPSC-2016-038,<ref name=":1">{{cite report|last=Aduszkiewicz|first=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|date=8 October 2016|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS|journal=|series=Status Report|volume=CERN-SPSC-2016-038|doi=10.17181/CERN.SD0Z.RJ9V}}</ref> PR D100 112004,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration |display-authors=etal |title=Measurements of hadron production in π<sup>+</sup>+C and π<sup>+</sup>+Be interactions at 60 GeV/''c'' |journal=Physical Review D |date=2019-12-11 |volume=100 |issue=11 |pages=112004 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112004|arxiv=1909.06294 |bibcode=2019PhRvD.100k2004A |s2cid=202573079 }}</ref> and PR D100 112001<ref name="foo">{{cite journal |last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A. |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Measurements of production and inelastic cross sections for p+C, p+Be, and p+Al at 60 GeV/''c'' and p+C and p+Be at 120 GeV/''c'' |journal=Physical Review D |date=2019-12-02 |volume=100 |issue=11 |pages=112001 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112001| arxiv=1909.03351 |bibcode=2019PhRvD.100k2001A |s2cid=202540178 }}</ref>
|-
| {{math|''&pi;''}} + Al || 60 || 2017 || CERN-SPSC-2016-038<ref name=":1" /> and PR D98 052001<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A. |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Measurements of total production cross sections for π<sup>+</sup>+C, π<sup>+</sup>+Al, K<sup>+</sup>+C, and K<sup>+</sup>+Al at 60 GeV/''c'' and π<sup>+</sup>+C and π<sup>+</sup>+Al at 31 GeV/''c'' |journal=Physical Review D |date=2018-09-10 |volume=98 |issue=5 |pages=052001 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.98.052001|arxiv=1805.04546 |bibcode=2018PhRvD..98e2001A |s2cid=53657928 }}</ref>
|-
| Kaon + C || 158 || 2012 || CERN-SPSC-2016-038<ref name=":1" /> and MPL A34 1950078<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ali |first1=Y. |last2=Ullah |first2=S. |last3=Khattak |first3=S. A. |last4=Ajaz |first4=M. |title=Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/ c using hadron production models |journal=Modern Physics Letters A |date=2019-03-28 |volume=34 |issue=10 |pages=1950078 |doi=10.1142/S0217732319500780|bibcode=2019MPLA...3450078A |s2cid=127251073 }}</ref>
|-
| p + p || 13, 20, 31, 40, 80, 158, and 400 || 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2016 || EPJ C80 460,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A. |display-authors=etal |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration |title=K<sup>∗</sup>(892)<sup>0</sup> meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 GeV/''c'' beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=May 2020 |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=460 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7955-1|arxiv=2001.05370 |bibcode=2020EPJC...80..460N |s2cid=210718327 }}</ref> SQM 2019 315,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tefelska |first1=Angelika |title=The XVIII International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019) |chapter=$$K^&#123;*&#125;(892)^0$$ Production in p$$+$$p Interactions from NA61/SHINE |series=Springer Proceedings in Physics |date=2020 |volume=250 |pages=315–318 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_49|arxiv=1911.01818 |isbn=978-3-030-53447-9 |s2cid=207870670 }}</ref> and EPJ C74 2794<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abgrall |first1=N. |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Measurement of negatively charged pion spectra in inelastic p+p interactions at ''p''<sub>lab</sub> = 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=March 2014 |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=2794 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2794-6|s2cid=56103527 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1310.2417 }}</ref>
|-
| p + Be || 60, and 120 || 2016 and 2017 || CERN-SPSC-2017-038,<ref name=":0" /> and PR D100 112001<ref name="foo" />
|-
| p + C <br /> p + (T2K replica target) <br /> p + (NOvA replica target) || 31, 60, 90, and 120 || 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2018 || CERN-SPSC-2017-038,<ref name=":0" /> CERN-SPSC-2016-038,<ref name=":1" /> CERN-SPSC-2019-041,<ref name="nine">{{cite report|last1=Aduszkiewicz|first1=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|year=2019|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS|journal=|series=Status Report|volume=CERN-SPSC-2019-041|doi=10.17181/CERN.E3JY.7Z6E}}</ref> PR D100 112001<ref name="foo" /> and EPJ C76 617<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abgrall |first1=N. |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Measurements of π<sup>±</sup> differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming 31 GeV/c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=November 2016 |volume=76 |issue=11 |pages=617 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4440-y|bibcode=2016EPJC...76..617A |s2cid=55382653 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1603.06774 }}</ref> 
|-
| p + Al || 60 || 2016 || CERN-SPSC-2017-038<ref name=":0" /> and NP B732 1<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.10.016|title=Measurement of the production cross-section of positive pions in p–Al collisions at|year=2006|last1=Catanesi|first1=M.G.|display-authors=etal|journal=Nuclear Physics B|volume=732|issue=1–2|pages=1–45|arxiv=hep-ex/0510039|s2cid=119507867}}</ref>
|-
| p + Pb || 30, 40, 80 and 158 || 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017 || CERN-SPSC-2015-036<ref name=":2">{{cite report|last1=Aduszkiewicz|first1=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|year=2015|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment|journal=|series=Status Report|volume=CERN-SPSC-2015-036|doi=10.17181/CERN.38K1.4QRP}}</ref>
|-
| Be + Be || 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A || 2011, 2012, and 2013 || CERN-SPSC-2013-028,<ref>{{cite report |doi=10.17181/CERN.91DL.3G3V|year=2013|last1=Abgrall|first1=N.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS|series=Status Report}}</ref>  PoS 364 305,<ref name="no">{{cite book |doi=10.22323/1.364.0305|chapter= Searching for the critical point of strongly interacting matter in nucleus-nucleus collisions at CERN SPS|title=European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2019) |series=Proceedings of Science |volume=364 |year=2020|last1=Davis|first1=Nikolaos|page=305|s2cid= 228963987|doi-access= free}}</ref> and EPJ C80 961<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Acharya |first1=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Measurements of π<sup>−</sup> production in <sup>7</sup>Be + <sup>9</sup>Be collisions at beam momenta from 19''A'' to 150''A'' GeV/''c'' in the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=October 2020 |volume=80 |issue=10 |pages=961 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08514-6|arxiv=2008.06277|bibcode=2020EPJC...80..961A|s2cid=222277028 }}</ref>
|-
| C + C and C + CH<math>_2</math> || 13A  || 2018 || CERN-SPSC-2019-041<ref name="nine" />
|-
| Ar + Sc || 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A || 2015 || CERN-SPSC-2015-036,<ref name=":2" />  PoS 364 305,<ref name="no" /> Acta Phys. Pol. B Proc. Suppl. 10 645<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewicki |first1=M. |title=Pion Spectra in Ar+Sc Interactions at SPS Energies |journal=Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement |date=2017 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=645 |doi=10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10.645|arxiv=1612.01334 |s2cid=119011438 }}</ref> and EPJ C81 397<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Acharya |first1=A. |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|display-authors=etal |title=Spectra and mean multiplicities of π<sup>−</sup> in central <sup>40</sup>Ar + <sup>45</sup>Sc collisions at 13''A'', 19''A'', 30''A'', 40''A'', 75''A'' and 150''A'' GeV/''c'' beam momenta measured by the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=May 2021 |volume=81 |issue=5 |pages=397 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09135-3|bibcode=2021EPJC...81..397A |s2cid=236615453 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
| Xe + La || 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A || 2017 || CERN-SPSC-2018-029<ref>{{cite report|last1=Aduszkiewicz|first1=A.|collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration|year=2018|title=Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS|journal=|series=Status Report|volume=CERN-SPSC-2018-029|doi=10.17181/CERN.XNSX.G8FK}}</ref>  and PoS 364 305<ref name="no" />
|-
| Pb + Pb || 13A, 30A, and 150A  || 2016 and 2018 || CERN-SPSC-2016-038,<ref name=":1" /> J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1690 012127<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kashirin |first1=E |last2=Selyuzhenkov |first2=I |last3=Golosov |first3=O |last4=Klochkov |first4=V |title=Directed flow measurement in Pb+Pb collisions at p lab = 13 A GeV/c collected with NA61/SHINE at SPS |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |date=December 2020 |volume=1690 |pages=012127 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/1690/1/012127|s2cid=234506920 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and PR C77 064908<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alt |first1=C. |display-authors=etal |title=Bose-Einstein correlations of π − π − pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20 A, 30 A, 40 A, 80 A, and 158 A GeV |journal=Physical Review C |date=2008-06-30 |volume=77 |issue=6 |pages=064908 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.77.064908|s2cid=119200777 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1059622 |arxiv=0709.4507 }}</ref> 
|}

== Extended program: after [[Large Hadron Collider#Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2022)|Long Shutdown 2]] ==
[[File:NA61_SHINE.jpg|thumb|NA61 experiment at CERN after Long Shutdown 2]]
In 2018 the NA61/SHINE collaboration published an addendum presenting an intent to upgrade the experimental facility and perform a new set of measurements after Long Shutdown 2.<ref name=na61addendum>
{{cite web
 |last1=Aduszkiewicz |first1=A.
 |display-authors=etal
 |collaboration=NA61/SHINE Collaboration
 |year=2018
 |title=Study of Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the CERN SPS: Early Post-LS2 Measurements and Future Plans
 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2309890
 |id=CERN-SPSC-2018-008, SPSC-P-330-ADD-10
|series=Addendum (Proposal)
 }}</ref> As in the original program, the new one proposes studies of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions for [[High-energy nuclear physics|heavy ions]], [[neutrino]] and [[Cosmic ray|cosmic-ray]] physics.

The [[High-energy nuclear physics|heavy ions]] program will focus on study of [[Charm quark|charm]] hadron production (mostly [[D meson]]s) in lead-lead interactions.

In 2020 the SPS and PS Experiments Committee (SPSC) recommended approval of beam time in 2021.<ref name=SPSCaddendum>
{{cite web
 |collaboration=CERN. Geneva. SPS and PS Experiments Committee; SPSC
 |year=2020
 |title=Minutes of the 136th Meeting of the SPSC, Tuesday and Wednesday, 21–22 January 2020
 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2706935
 |id=CERN-SPSC-2020-003; SPSC-136
}}</ref> The Research Board endorsed these recommendations.<ref name=RBaddendum>
{{cite web
 |collaboration=CERN. Geneva. Research Board Committee; RB; PH
 |year=2020
 |title=Minutes of the 232nd meeting of the Research Board, held on 11 March 2020
 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/2712812
 |id=CERN-DG-RB-2020-495; M-232
}}</ref>

== See also==
* [[List of Super Proton Synchrotron experiments]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* [http://shine.web.cern.ch/ NA61/SHINE Collaboration web-site]
* [http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/995681?ln=en NA61/SHINE proposal]
* [http://na49info.web.cern.ch NA49 Collaboration web-site]
* [https://www.instagram.com/shine.experiment/ NA61/SHINE Collaboration official instagram]
* [https://inspirehep.net/experiments/1108234 CERN-NA-061] experiment record on [[INSPIRE-HEP]]

{{CERN}}
{{SPS experiments}}
{{neutrino detectors}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NA61 SHINE}}
[[Category:Particle experiments]]
[[Category:CERN experiments]]
[[Category:Fixed-target experiments]]