View source for Mizar

{{Short description|Quadruple star system in Ursa Major}}
{{About|the star|other uses|Mizar (disambiguation)|a star also called Mizar|Epsilon Boötis}}
{{Starbox begin
| name=Mizar
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=
{{Location mark
|image=Ursa Major constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=260
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=Mizar (star)|x=205|y=410
}}
|caption=Location of Mizar (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe 3s
| constell = [[Ursa Major]]
| epoch = J2000
| component1 = Mizar
| ra1 = {{RA|13|23|55.54048}}<ref name=hipparcos/>
| dec1 = {{DEC|+54|55|31.2671}}<ref name=hipparcos/>
| appmag_v1 = 2.04<ref name=eggletonubv/>
| component2 = ζ<sup>1</sup> UMa
| ra2 = {{RA|13|23|55.543}}<ref name=tycho/>
| dec2 = {{DEC|+54|55|31.30}}<ref name=tycho/>
| appmag_v2 = 2.23<ref name=tycho/>
| component3 = ζ<sup>2</sup> UMa
| ra3 = {{RA|13|23|56.330}}<ref name=tycho/>
| dec3 = {{DEC|+54|55|18.56}}<ref name=tycho/>
| appmag_v3 = 3.88<ref name=tycho/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| component1 = ζ<sup>1</sup> UMa
| class=A2Vp/A2Vp<ref name=eggleton/>
| b-v=+0.02<ref name=ubv/>
| u-b=&minus;0.01<ref name=ubv/>
| variable=
| component2 = ζ<sup>2</sup> UMa
| class2= kA1h(eA)mA7IV-V<ref name=gray/>
| b-v2 = +0.13<ref name=ubv/>
| u-b2 = +0.09<ref name=ubv/>
| variable2 =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = −6.31<ref name=sb9/>
| prop_mo_ra = 119.01<ref name=hipparcos/>
| prop_mo_dec = −25.97<ref name=hipparcos/>
| parallax = 39.36
| p_error = 0.30
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=mamajek/>
| absmag_v = +0.32/+1.96<ref name=king/>
}}
{{Starbox orbit
|reference=
|primary=Mizar Aa
|name=Mizar Ab
|axis_unitless={{val|9.83|0.03}}<ref name=Hummel/>&nbsp;mas
|inclination={{val|60.5|0.3}}<ref name=behr/>
|node={{val|106.0|0.4}}<ref name=Hummel/>
|periastron=[[Reduced Julian date|RJD]] 54536.9904<ref name=behr/>
|eccentricity={{val|0.5415|0.0016}}<ref name=behr/>
|periarg={{val|105.27|0.23}}<ref name=behr/>
|period_unitless=20.5386 days<ref name=behr/>
|k1={{val|66.478|0.153}}<ref name=behr/>
|k2={{val|66.019|0.177}}<ref name=behr/>
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| primary = Mizar Ba
| name = Mizar Bb
| axis_unitless = 29.849 mas
| period_unitless = {{val|175.55|ul=days}}<ref name=iliev/>
| eccentricity = 0.46<ref name=iliev/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| component1 = Aa
| mass = {{val|2.2224|0.0221}}<ref name=behr/>
| temperature = {{val|9,000|200|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Hummel/>
| luminosity = {{val|33.3|2.1}}<ref name=Hummel/>
| radius = {{val|2.4|0.1}}<ref name=Hummel/>
| age_myr = 370<ref name=thureau/>
| component2 = Ab
| mass2 = {{val|2.2381|0.0219}}<ref name=behr/>
| temperature2 = {{val|9,000|200|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Hummel/>
| luminosity2 = {{val|33.3|2.1}}<ref name=Hummel/>
| radius2= {{val|2.4|0.1}}<ref name=Hummel/>
}}
{{Starbox detail|no_heading=y
| component1 = Ba
| mass = 1.85<ref name=Tokovinin2018/>
| radius = {{solar radius calculator|type=logLT|1.1367|8279.42|decimals=2}}<ref name=Zorec2012/>{{efn|name=radius}}
| luminosity = {{val|13.7}}<ref name=Zorec2012/>
| temperature = 8,280<ref name=Zorec2012/>
| gravity = 4.40<ref name=monier/>
| rotational_velocity = 61<ref name=monier/>
| component2 = Bb
| mass2 = 0.25<ref name=Tokovinin2018/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = ζ&nbsp;Ursae Majoris, ζ&nbsp;UMa, Zeta&nbsp;UMa, [[Flamsteed designation|79]]&nbsp;Ursae Majoris, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]+55&nbsp;1598, [[Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars|CCDM]]&nbsp;J13240+5456, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]]&nbsp;65378, [[Washington Double Star Catalog|WDS]]&nbsp;J13239+5456
| component1 = ζ<sup>1</sup> UMa
| names1 = ζ UMa A, [[Boss General Catalogue|GC]]&nbsp;18133, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]]&nbsp;116656, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]]&nbsp;5054, [[PPM Star Catalogue|PPM]]&nbsp;34007, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogue|SAO]]&nbsp;28737
| component2 = ζ<sup>2</sup> UMa
| names2 = ζ UMa B, [[Boss General Catalogue|GC]]&nbsp;18134, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]]&nbsp;116657, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]]&nbsp;5055, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogue|SAO]]&nbsp;28738
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=Mizar|sn=Mizar
| Simbad2=HD+116656|sn2=ζ<sup>1</sup> UMa
| Simbad3=HD+116657|sn3=ζ<sup>2</sup> UMa
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Mizar''' {{IPAc-en|'|m|ai|z|ɑr}}<ref name=Kunitzsch>{{cite book
  |last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul
  |last2=Smart |first2=Tim
  |date = 2006  |edition = 2nd rev.
  |title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations
  |publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
  |isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7
}}</ref> is a second-[[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] star in the handle of the [[Big Dipper]] [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] in the constellation of [[Ursa Major]].  It has the [[Bayer designation]] '''ζ&nbsp;Ursae Majoris''' ([[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] as '''Zeta Ursae Majoris''').  It forms a well-known naked eye [[double star]] with the fainter star [[Alcor (star)|Alcor]] (a binary system consisting of Alcor A and Alcor B), and is itself a [[Star system|quadruple star system]]. The [[Mizar and Alcor|Mizar and Alcor system]] lies about 83 light-years away from the [[Sun]], as measured by the [[Hipparcos]] astrometry satellite, and is part of the [[Ursa Major Moving Group]].

==Nomenclature==
''ζ&nbsp;Ursae Majoris'' ([[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] to ''Zeta Ursae Majoris'' and abbreviated to ζ&nbsp;UMa or Zeta&nbsp;UMa) is Mizar's [[Bayer designation]].  It also has the [[Flamsteed designation]] 79 Ursae Majoris.

The traditional name ''Mizar'' derives from the [[Arabic]] ''{{lang|ar|{{large|المئزر}}}}'' ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|miʼzar}}'' meaning 'apron; wrapper, covering, cover'.<ref name=wehr/>  In 2016, the [[International Astronomical Union]] organized a [[IAU Working Group on Star Names|Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name=WGSN/> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016<ref name=WGSN1/> included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included ''Mizar'' for ζ&nbsp;UMa.  According to IAU rules, the name Mizar strictly only applies to component Aa,<ref name="IAU-CSN"/> although it is traditionally and popularly used for all four stars making up the double naked-eye star.<ref name=allen/><ref name=consolmagno/> Mizar and Alcor, termed the "horse and rider" by the Arabians, are a good test of minimal vision. <ref name=Bohigian>"Bohigian GM. An ancient eye test--using the stars. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 Sep-Oct;53(5):536-9. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.009. PMID: 18929764"</ref>

==Stellar system==
[[File:BigdipISS.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|The [[Big Dipper]]'s bowl and part of the handle photographed from the [[International Space Station]]. [[Mizar and Alcor]] are at the upper right.]]
[[File:Mizar and Alcor.jpg|left|thumb|The multiple star system of Mizar (the double star on the right) and Alcor (left). The unrelated, fainter star [[Sidus Ludoviciana]] can be seen lower down.]]
Mizar is a visual [[double star|double]] with a separation of 14.4 arcseconds, each of which is a [[spectroscopic binary]].  Its combined apparent [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] is 2.04.  The two visible stars are referred to as ζ<sup>1</sup> and ζ<sup>2</sup> Ursae Majoris, or Mizar A and B.  The spectroscopic components are generally referred to as Mizar Aa, Ab, Ba, and Bb.  The stars all share a single [[Hipparcos]] designation of HIP 65378, but separate [[Bright Star Catalogue]] and [[Henry Draper Catalogue]] entries.  Mizar, together with Alcor and many of the other bright stars in Ursa Major, is a member of the [[Ursa Major Moving Group]].<ref name=jones/>

Mizar may have been the first telescopic binary known to Europeans; [[Benedetto Castelli]] in 1617 asked [[Galileo Galilei]] to observe it.  Galileo then produced a detailed record of the double star.<ref name="Marett-Crosby2013"/>  Later, around 1650, [[Giovanni Battista Riccioli|Riccioli]] wrote of Mizar appearing as a double.<ref name=dick/>  The secondary star (Mizar B) comes within 380 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] of the primary (Mizar A) and the two take thousands of years to revolve around each other.<ref name=burnham/>

Mizar A was the first [[spectroscopic binary]] to be discovered, as part of [[Antonia Maury]]'s spectral classification work, and an orbit was published in 1890.  Some spectroscopic binaries cannot be visually resolved and are discovered by studying the spectral lines of the suspect system over a long period of time.  The two components of Mizar A are both about 35 times as bright as the Sun, and revolve around each other in about 20 days 12 hours and 55 minutes.  In 1908, Mizar B was also found to be a spectroscopic binary, its components completing an orbital period every six months.<ref name=mamajek/>  In 1996, 107 years after their discovery, the components of the Mizar A binary system were imaged in extremely high resolution using the [[Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer]].<ref name=benson/>

===ζ<sup>1</sup> Ursae Majoris===
[[File:Mizar-A-BS2.png|thumb|left|upright=1.2|[[Radial velocity]] curves for the two almost identical components]]
The two components of ζ<sup>1</sup> Ursae Majoris (Mizar Aa and Ab) are observed to be identical, with the exception of slightly different radial velocity variations which indicate very slightly different masses.

The spectral lines of the two stars can be observed separately and both are given a spectral type of A2Vp.  They are [[Ap star]]s, chemically peculiar due to stratification of some heavy elements in the [[photosphere]] of slowly-rotating hot stars.  In this case, they show elevated abundances of [[strontium]] and [[silicon]].<ref name=abt/>

With the assumption of identical physical properties for the two stars, they both have temperatures of 9,000 K, radii of {{solar radius|2.4}}, and [[bolometric luminosities]] of {{solar luminosity|33.3}}.<ref name=Hummel/>  They are thought to be around 370 million years old.<ref name=thureau/>

===ζ<sup>2</sup> Ursae Majoris===
ζ<sup>2</sup> Ursae Majoris is a single-lined spectroscopic binary,<ref name=Tokovinin2018/> and the visible spectrum is of an [[Am star]], named for their unusually strong lines of some metals. The spectral type of kA1h(eA)mA7IV-V is in a form used for metallic-lined stars: the type is A1 based on the [[calcium K line]]s, early A based on the hydrogen lines, and A7 based on lines of other metals.  The luminosity class is ranked between [[main sequence]] and [[subgiant]].<ref name=gray/> An analysis of the star's properties instead suggest it is in the [[main sequence]].<ref name=Zorec2012/> The main star is 1.85 times more massive than the Sun.<ref name=Tokovinin2018/>

The secondary component is a small star of undefined spectral type, with 25% of the Sun's mass.<ref name=Tokovinin2018/>

==Other names==
Mizar is known as [[Vashistha]], one of the [[Saptarishi]], in traditional [[Indian astronomy]].<ref name=ref65zigip/>
<!--
Al-Sahja was the rhythmical form of the usual Soha. It appears as {{lang|ar|الخوّار}} ''{{transl|ar|ALA|al-Khawwar}}'', 'the Faint One'.<ref name=allen/>
-->
Chinese [[Taoism]] personifies ζ Ursae Majoris as the [[Fu Lu Shou#Luxing|Lu star]].<ref name=deng/>

In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|北斗}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Běi Dǒu}}), meaning ''[[Purple Forbidden enclosure|Northern Dipper]]'', refers to an asterism equivalent to the Big Dipper. Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for ζ Ursae Majoris itself is {{lang|zh|北斗六}} Běi Dǒu liù, ({{langx|en|the Sixth Star of Northern Dipper}}) and {{lang|zh|開陽}} Kāi Yáng, ({{langx|en|Star of The Opener of Heat}}).<ref name=zh/>

In the [[Mi'kmaq]] myth of the great bear and the seven hunters,<ref name=Micmac/> Mizar is Chickadee and Alcor is his cooking pot.

===Military namesakes===
* [[USS Mizar (AF-12)|USS ''Mizar'']] is a cargo and passenger liner converted to a [[United States Navy]] ship
* [[USNS Mizar (T-AGOR-11)|USNS ''Mizar'']], a [[United States Navy]] ship

==In popular culture==
The band [[Steely Dan]] references Mizar in their song "Sign In Stranger" from their album ''[[The Royal Scam]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://uproxx.com/indie/steely-dan-best-songs-ranked/|title=The Best Steely Dan Songs, Ranked|last1=Hyden|first1=Steven|newspaper=[[Uproxx]]|quote=Like in “Sign In Stranger,” the mafia underworld snapshot from The Royal Scam, which includes references to Mizar Five, Turkish union dues, and the nightclub performer who people line up around the block to see “do the can-can-Jacques.”|date=14 January 2021|accessdate=3 August 2022}}</ref>

Mizar is the home system of a race of friendly, spherical aliens contacted by the Earth ship ''Stardust'' in the 1971 [[science fiction]] short story "The Bear With the Knot on His Tail" by [[Stephen Tall]].

==Notes==
{{Notelist|notes=

{{Efn|name=radius|1=Calculated, using the [[Stefan-Boltzmann law]] and the star's [[effective temperature]] and luminosity, with respect to the [[Sun|solar]] nominal effective temperature of 5,772&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]]:<math display="block">\sqrt{\biggl(\frac{5,772}{8,280}\biggr)^4 \cdot 10^{1.1367}} = 1.8\ R_\odot.</math>}}

}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=hipparcos>{{cite journal | last1=van Leeuwen | first1=F. | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 |date=November 2007 | pages=653–664 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | arxiv=0708.1752 | s2cid=18759600 }}</ref>

<ref name=Tokovinin2018>{{Cite journal |last=Tokovinin |first=Andrei |date=2018-03-01 |title=The Updated Multiple Star Catalog |bibcode=2018ApJS..235....6T |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=235 |issue=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/aaa1a5 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1712.04750 |issn=0067-0049}} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/ApJS/235/6&ID=13239%2B5456 Mizar's database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name=mamajek>{{cite journal|bibcode=2010AJ....139..919M|title=Discovery of a Faint Companion to Alcor Using MMT/AO 5 μm Imaging|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=139|issue=3|pages=919–925|last1=Mamajek|first1=Eric E.|last2=Kenworthy|first2=Matthew A.|last3=Hinz|first3=Philip M.|last4=Meyer|first4=Michael R.|year=2010|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/139/3/919|arxiv = 0911.5028 |s2cid=51834159}}</ref>

<ref name=tycho>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002A&A...384..180F|title=The Tycho double star catalogue|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=384|pages=180–189|last1=Fabricius|first1=C|last2=Høg|first2=E|last3=Makarov|first3=V. V|last4=Mason|first4=B. D|last5=Wycoff|first5=G. L|last6=Urban|first6=S. E|year=2002|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011822|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=eggleton>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x|title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=389|issue=2|pages=869–879|year=2008|last1=Eggleton|first1=P. P.|last2=Tokovinin|first2=A. A.|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E|arxiv = 0806.2878 |s2cid=14878976}}</ref>

<ref name=ubv>{{cite journal|bibcode=1965S&T....30...21I|title=Five-Color Photometry of Bright Stars|journal=Sky and Telescope|volume=30|pages=21|last1=Iriarte|first1=Braulio|last2=Johnson|first2=Harold L|last3=Mitchell|first3=Richard I|last4=Wisniewski|first4=Wieslaw K|year=1965}}</ref>

<ref name=sb9>{{cite journal|bibcode= 2004A&A...424..727P |title= SB9: The ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume= 424 |issue= 2 |pages= 727–732 |last1= Pourbaix |first1= D |last2= Tokovinin |first2= A. A |last3= Batten |first3= A. H |last4= Fekel |first4= F. C |last5= Hartkopf |first5= W. I |last6= Levato |first6= H |last7= Morrell |first7= N. I |last8= Torres |first8= G |last9= Udry |first9= S |year= 2004 |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361:20041213 |arxiv= astro-ph/0406573 |s2cid= 119387088 }}</ref>

<ref name=king>{{cite journal|bibcode=2003AJ....125.1980K|title=Stellar Kinematic Groups. II. A Reexamination of the Membership, Activity, and Age of the Ursa Major Group|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=125|issue=4|pages=1980|last1=King|first1=Jeremy R|last2=Villarreal|first2=Adam R|last3=Soderblom|first3=David R|last4=Gulliver|first4=Austin F|last5=Adelman|first5=Saul J|year=2003|doi=10.1086/368241|url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/physastro_pubs/249|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=Hummel>{{cite journal|bibcode=1998AJ....116.2536H|doi=10.1086/300602|title=Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer Observations of the Double Stars Mizar a and Matar|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=116|issue=5|pages=2536|year=1998|last1=Hummel|first1=C. A.|last2=Mozurkewich|first2=D.|last3=Armstrong|first3=J. T.|last4=Hajian|first4=Arsen R.|last5=Elias Ii|first5=N. M.|last6=Hutter|first6=D. J.|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=iliev>{{cite journal|bibcode=1998A&AS..128..497I|title=Lithium and metal abundances in long period AM binaries|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement|volume=128|issue=3|pages=497|last1=Iliev|first1=I. Kh|last2=Budaj|first2=J|last3=Zverko|first3=J|last4=Barzova|first4=I. S|last5=Ziznovsky|first5=J|year=1998|doi=10.1051/aas:1998160|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=Zorec2012>{{cite journal
 | last1=Zorec | first1=J. | last2=Royer | first2=F.
 | title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities
 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
 | volume=537 | page=A120 | date=January 2012
 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117691 | bibcode=2012A&A...537A.120Z
 | arxiv=1201.2052 | s2cid=55586789 }} [https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/A%2BA/537/A120&HD=116657 Mizar Ba's database entry] at [[VizieR]].</ref>

<ref name=monier>{{cite journal|bibcode=2005A&A...442..563M|title=Abundances of a sample of a and F-type dwarf members of the Ursa Major Group|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=442|issue=2|pages=563–566|last1=Monier|first1=R|year=2005|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053222|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=wehr>{{cite book|last1=Wehr|first1=Hans|author-link1=Hans Wehr|title=A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English)|date=1994|publisher=Spoken Language Services|location=Urbana, Illinois|isbn=0879500034|page=17|edition=4}}</ref>

<ref name=WGSN>{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016 |website=International Astronomical Union}}</ref>

<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016 |website=International Astronomical Union}}</ref>

<ref name=WGSN1>{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |access-date=28 July 2016 |website=International Astronomical Union}}</ref>

<ref name=ref65zigip>{{cite book | title=Astronomy Quiz Book | author=V.Chandran | publisher=Pustak Mahal, 1993 | isbn=978-81-223-0366-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iPU8bZQQdsC | quote=... the seven rishis in the constellation Saptarishi (Ursa Major) ... In Vasishta (Zeta), its tiny companion star is named after Arundhati, the wife of Vasishta ... today known by their Arabic names Dubhe (Kratu), Merak (Pulaha), Phekda (Pulastya), Megrez (Atri), Benetnash (Marichi) and Mizar (Vasishta) ...| date=1993-01-01 }}</ref>

<ref name=zh>{{cite web|url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060615.html|trans-title=AEEA|website=Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy)|title=天文教育資訊網|language=zh|access-date=2018-01-01|archive-date=2014-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102063635/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060615.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=Micmac>{{cite web|url=http://capebretonsmagazine.com/modules/publisher/item.php?itemid=71|title=The Celestial Bear, A Micmac Legend|access-date=2018-01-01|date=2009-02-11|website=Cape Breton's Magazine|archive-date=2017-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018052830/http://capebretonsmagazine.com/modules/publisher/item.php?itemid=71|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=benson>{{cite journal|bibcode=1997AJ....114.1221B|title=Multichannel optical aperture synthesis imaging of zeta1 URSAE majoris with the Navy prototype optical interferometer|journal=Astronomical Journal |volume=114|pages=1221|last1=Benson|first1=J. A|last2=Hutter|first2=D. J|last3=Elias|first3=N. M|last4=Bowers|first4=P. F|last5=Johnston|first5=K. J|last6=Hajian|first6=A. R|last7=Armstrong|first7=J. T|last8=Mozurkewich|first8=D|last9=Pauls|first9=T. A|last10=Rickard|first10=L. J|last11=Hummel|first11=C. A|last12=White|first12=N. M|last13=Black|first13=D|last14=Denison|first14=C. S|year=1997|doi=10.1086/118554|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Marett-Crosby2013">{{cite book|author=Michael Marett-Crosby|title=Twenty-Five Astronomical Observations That Changed the World: And How To Make Them Yourself|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KRSphlvsqgC&pg=PA32|date=28 June 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-6800-4|pages=32–}}</ref>

<ref name=dick>{{cite book|author=Steven J. Dick|title=Discovery and Classification in Astronomy: Controversy and Consensus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IT8oAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|date=9 September 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03361-0|pages=117–}}</ref>

<ref name=eggletonubv>{{cite journal|bibcode=1986EgUBV........0M|title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)|journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data|last1=Mermilliod|first1=J.-C|year=1986}}</ref>

<ref name=allen>{{cite book|author=Richard H. Allen|title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWDsybJzz7IC|date=28 February 2013|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-13766-7}}</ref>

<ref name=consolmagno>{{cite book|author1=Guy Consolmagno|author2=Dan M. Davis|title=Turn Left at Orion: A Hundred Night Sky Objects to See in a Small Telescope - and How to Find Them|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PexKTfPy3voC&pg=PA83|date=19 October 2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45750-7|pages=83–}}</ref>

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<ref name=deng>{{cite book|author=Ming-Dao Deng|title=The Lunar Tao: Meditations in Harmony with the Seasons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wgs_5awfYPAC&pg=PT80|date=19 February 2013|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-220591-9|pages=80–}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
* [http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/mizar.html Mizar] at Jim Kaler's ''Stars'' website
* [http://www.leosondra.cz/en/mizar/ A New View Of Mizar] (a comprehensive article about the system)
* {{WikiSky|Mizar}}

{{Stars of Ursa Major}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}
{{Sky|13|23|55.5|+|54|55|31}}

<!-- Properties -->

[[Category:A-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Am stars]]
[[Category:Ap stars]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
[[Category:A-type subgiants]]
[[Category:Multiple star systems|4]]
[[Category:Ursa Major moving group]]
<!-- Catalogues -->
[[Category:Bayer objects|Ursae Majoris, Zeta]]
[[Category:Big Dipper]]
[[Category:Ursa Major]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+55 1598]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Ursae Majoris, 79]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|116656 7]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|065378]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|5054 5]]