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{{Short description|Australian television game show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{infobox television
| image                = Letters and Numbers logo blue.jpg
| genre                = Game show
| based_on             = {{Based on|''[[Des chiffres et des lettres]]''|[[Armand Jammot]]}}
| developer            =
| writer               = 
| director             = 
| presenter            = {{Plainlist|
*[[Richard Morecroft]]
*Michael Hing
}}
| starring             = {{Plainlist|
*[[David Astle]]
*[[Lily Serna]]
}}
| narrated             = 
| theme_music_composer = 
| opentheme            = 
| endtheme             = 
| composer             = 
| country              = [[Australia]]
| language             = English
| num_series           = 6
| num_episodes         = 450
| executive_producer   = 
| producer             = 
| camera               = Multi-camera
| runtime              = 24 minutes
| company              = [[Endemol Shine Australia|Shine Australia]]
| network              = [[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS]]
| first_aired          = {{Start date|2010|8|2|df=y}}
| last_aired           = {{End date|2012|6|27|df=y}}
| related              = [[Celebrity Letters and Numbers]] 
}}
'''''Letters and Numbers''''' is an Australian [[game show]] on [[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS]]. It is hosted by former newsreader [[Richard Morecroft]], co-hosted by [[David Astle]] and [[Lily Serna]]. Although it is based on the [[France|French]] game show ''[[Des chiffres et des lettres]]'', its structure is similar to the UK version of the show, ''[[Countdown (game show)|Countdown]]'' - with the titular difference being used to avoid confusion with the Australian music program ''[[Countdown (Australian TV series)|Countdown]]''.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The series began airing on 2 August 2010. On 22 June 2012 SBS announced its decision to "rest" the show<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burrowes |first=Tim |date=2012-06-24 |title=SBS drops Letters and Numbers for Countdown |url=https://mumbrella.com.au/sbs-drops-letters-and-numbers-for-countdown-99383 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003021836/https://mumbrella.com.au/sbs-drops-letters-and-numbers-for-countdown-99383 |archive-date=2021-10-03 |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=[[Mumbrella]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and the final episode aired on 27 June 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knox |first=David |date=2012-06-23 |title=Axed: Letters and Numbers |url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2012/06/axed-letters-and-numbers.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314190920/https://tvtonight.com.au/2012/06/axed-letters-and-numbers.html |archive-date=2021-03-14 |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=[[TV Tonight]] |language=en-AU}}</ref> Repeat episodes were still regularly shown on SBS as of 2023.

On 5 July 2021, SBS announced that ''Letters and Numbers'' would be revived in a new series hosted by comedian, journalist and actor Michael Hing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knox |first=David |date=2021-07-05 |title=SBS to reboot Letters & Numbers |url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2021/07/sbs-to-reboot-letters-numbers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705073831/https://tvtonight.com.au/2021/07/sbs-to-reboot-letters-numbers.html |archive-date=2021-07-05 |access-date=2021-07-05 |website=[[TV Tonight]]}}</ref> On 3 September 2021, it was revealed that the revival would be a celebrity version of the show, entitled ''[[Celebrity Letters and Numbers]]'', and that David Astle and Lily Serna would return to co-host the series which premiered on 2 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knox |first=David |date=2021-09-03 |title=SBS revives Letters & Numbers |url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2021/09/sbs-revives-letters-numbers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903012221/https://tvtonight.com.au/2021/09/sbs-revives-letters-numbers.html |archive-date=2021-09-03 |access-date=2021-09-03 |website=[[TV Tonight]]}}</ref>

==Gameplay==
Two contestants compete against each other in a series of nine rounds, split into three sections.  The first two sections consist of two letters rounds followed by a numbers round; the third section consists of a letters round, a numbers round, and the conundrum round. After the first commercial break, Astle would present a story on the origins of particular words and phrases.

The winner of the game returns in the next show to face a new opponent; a player who wins six times is forced to retire, becoming a retired champion, in which case two new contestants will play the next game. Retired champions with the highest cumulative score may return for a special tournament at the end of each series. Every contestant also wins a ''[[Macquarie Dictionary]] 5th Edition'', signed by the presenters.

===Letters round===
One contestant chooses how many vowels and consonants they would like to make up nine randomly chosen letters. There must be at least three vowels and four consonants. The contestants then have thirty seconds to find the longest word that they can make out of these letters. Any word which appears in the ''Macquarie Dictionary'' is allowable, as well as some inflections. The contestant with the longest word is awarded one point for each letter in the word, but nine-letter words, informally called a "Full Monty", count double (thus scoring 18 points). If both contestants find words of equal length then each is awarded points. Proper nouns are not qualified during the Letters rounds.

===Numbers round===
One contestant chooses how many "small" and "large" numbers they would like to make up six randomly chosen numbers.  Small numbers are between 1 and 10 inclusive, and large numbers are 25, 50, 75, or 100.  All large numbers will be different, so at most four large numbers may be chosen. The contestants have to use [[arithmetic]] on some or all of those numbers to get as close as possible to a randomly generated three-digit target number within the thirty second time limit.  Fractions are not allowed—only integers may be used at any stage of the calculation.

For numbers selections, they are to be straightforward. The numbers are always placed in a fixed order (going Right to Left - Small numbers are placed first, then the large ones).

Points are awarded for the closest solution, and again both contestants score if the solutions are equally close, which can be in opposite directions to each other. 10 points are given for an exact answer, 7 points for a non-exact solution up to 5 from the target, and 5 points for a solution between 6 and 10 from the target. If neither contestant can get within 10, no points are awarded.

All combinations of large and small numbers have informal names: 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Informal Name !! Large Numbers !! Small Numbers
|-
| Ratpack|| Zero || Six
|-
| Classroom Mix|| One|| Five
|-
| Family Mix|| Two|| Four
|-
| Even Stevens/Perfect Match|| Three || Three
|-
| Heavyweight|| Four || Two
|}

Other informal names were "Kitchen Sink" (using all six numbers), "Scenic Route" (providing a complicated solution when a simpler one was available), and "Tweaking" (modifying a large number by addition or subtraction before multiplication, usually written out longhand for ease of understanding). E.g. <math>(100-3) \times 6 = 600 - 18 = 582</math>

===Conundrum round===
A nine-letter [[anagram]] made up of two smaller words is given to the contestants who must unscramble the word within the time limit of thirty seconds. The first person to buzz in and correctly identify the word wins 10 points. If a contestant answers incorrectly then they may not guess again and the other contestant has the remaining time to attempt to find the answer. If neither contestant buzzes in with a correct answer during the time limit then no points are awarded. If the scores are tied after the conundrum, tie-breaker conundrums are used until the match is decided.

===Word Mix===
Before the commercial break, the audience is given a "Word Mix"—an 8-letter anagram similar to the conundrum, but accompanied by a verbal clue. At the end of the break when the show returns, the anagram is revealed. This does not count towards the scores of the contestants. This is referred to as a 'Teatime Teaser' on the UK version.

===Origin of Words===
After the first ad break, after the reveal of the solution to the first word mix and before resuming gameplay, David Astle would present an "Origin of Words" segment, discussing the etymology of several words, usually with an oblique connection to each other.

==List of series==
{{see also|Celebrity Letters and Numbers}}
At the end of each series, the eight best contestants, those who have acquired the highest cumulative score over the series are invited back to compete in a series of finals. The winner of each series receives a trophy.

{{Series overview
| postauxA  = Winner
| postauxB  = Score
| postauxC  = Runner up
| postauxD  = Score

| postauxA1 = [[Andrew Fisher (Scrabble)|Andrew Fisher]]
| postauxB1 = 68
| postauxC1 = Naween Fernando
| postauxD1 = 52
| episodes1 = 100
| start1    = {{Start date|2010|8|2|df=y}}
| end1      = {{End date|2010|12|17|df=y}}

| postauxA2 = Tony Loui
| postauxB2 = 64
| postauxC2 = Matthew Thomason
| postauxD2 = 51
| episodes2 = 100
| start2    = {{Start date|2010|12|20|df=y}}
| end2      = {{End date|2011|5|6|df=y}}

| postauxA3 = Jacob Davey
| postauxB3 = 64
| postauxC3 = Jeremy Schiftan
| postauxD3 = 49
| episodes3 = 100
| start3    = {{Start date|2011|5|9|df=y}}
| end3      = {{End date|2011|10|21|df=y}}

| postauxA4 = Sam Gaffney
| postauxB4 = 55
| postauxC4 = Alan Nash
| postauxD4 = 51
| episodes4 = 100
| start4    = {{Start date|2011|10|24|df=y}}
| end4      = {{End date|2012|3|9|df=y}}

| postauxA5 = {{n/a}}
| postauxB5 = {{n/a}}
| postauxC5 = {{n/a}}
| postauxD5 = {{n/a}}
| episodes5 = 43{{efn|This series did not feature any finals matches}}
| start5    = {{start date|2012|3|12|df=y}}
| end5      = {{end date|2012|5|9|df=y}}

| linkT6     = Masters
| postauxA6  = Sam Gaffney
| postauxB6  = 46
| postauxC6  = Matthew Thomason
| postauxD6  = 43
| episodes6  = 7
| start6     = {{start date|2012|6|19|df=y}}
| end6       = {{end date|2012|6|27|df=y}}
}}

Fisher and Fernando from Series 1 have also been rivals outside of ''Letters and Numbers'' since the 1990s, having been involved in other mind-puzzle games at tournament level, most notably the Channel News Asia Scrabble Masters tournament held in Singapore in 1999. On that occasion Fernando prevailed in an epic encounter, winning $25,000 to Fisher's $10,000.

After Series 5, the finals series from the first four series were repeated to prepare for the Masters series, which features all of the grand final winners and runners-up, except for Alan Nash, whom semi-finalist Toby Baldwin replaced.

'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}

==Products==
On 1 December 2010, the Letters and Numbers puzzle book was published. Since then, eight volumes have been produced. The puzzles inside are transcribed from each episode of the show. On 1 May 2012, a spin-off puzzle book was released titled ''Lily's Number Puzzles'', which focused on numbers games.

On 4 July 2012, a DVD titled ''Letters and Numbers: The Masters'' was released, containing all seven episodes of the Masters series.

==See also==
*''[[Countdown (game show)|Countdown]]''
*''[[Celebrity Letters and Numbers]]''
* [[Family Feud]]
* [[The Chase Australia]]
* [[Wheel of Fortune (Australian game show)]]
* [[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sbs.com.au/lettersandnumbers SBS Australia: ''Letters and Numbers'']

[[Category:Special Broadcasting Service original programming]]
[[Category:2010 Australian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2012 Australian television series endings]]
[[Category:2010s Australian game shows]]
[[Category:Australian English-language television shows]]
[[Category:Australian television series based on non-Australian television series]]