View source for Isaiah 45

{{Short description|45th chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible}}
{{Bible chapter|letname= Isaiah 45 |previouslink= Isaiah 44 |previousletter= chapter 44 |nextlink= Isaiah 46 |nextletter= chapter 46 |book=[[Book of Isaiah]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 23 |hbiblepart= [[Nevi'im]] | hbooknum = 5 |category= [[Nevi'im|Latter Prophets]] | filename= Great Isaiah Scroll.jpg |size=242px | name=Great Isaiah Scroll |caption=<div style="width: 242px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The [[Great Isaiah Scroll]], the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at [[Qumran]] from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.</div>}}

'''Isaiah 45''' is the forty-fifth [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapter]] of the [[Book of Isaiah]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]]. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet [[Isaiah]], and is one of the [[Nevi'im|Books of the Prophets]].

==Text==
The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]]. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew belong to the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] (3rd century BC or later):
* [[Isaiah scroll|1QIsa<sup>a</sup>]]: complete
* 1QIsa<sup>b</sup>: extant: verses 1‑13
* 4QIsa<sup>b</sup> (4Q56): extant: verses 20‑25
* 4QIsa<sup>c</sup> (4Q57): extant: verses 1‑4, 6‑13

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 25 verses.

==Parashot==
The ''[[parashah]]'' sections listed here are based on the [[Aleppo Codex]].<ref>As reflected in the [http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English].</ref> Isaiah 45 is a part of the ''Consolations ([[Isaiah 40]][[Isaiah 66|–66]])''. {P}: open ''parashah''; {S}: closed ''parashah''.
: {P} 45:1-7 {P} 45:8 {S} 45:9 {S} 45:10 {S} 45:11-13 {S} 45:14-17 {P} 45:18-25 [46:1-2 {P}]

==Verse 1==
{{quote|Thus saith the LORD to His anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and to loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and that the gates may not be shut:|{{bibleverse|Isaiah|45:1|HE}}}}

The [[Septuagint]] refers to [[Cyrus the Great]] as "''my'' anointed".<ref>Brenton, [https://biblehub.com/sep/isaiah/45.htm Brenton's Septuagint Translation] of Isaiah 45</ref>

==Verse 4==
{{quote|For the sake of Jacob my servant, of Israel my chosen, I summon you by name and bestow on you a title of honor, though you do not acknowledge me.|{{bibleverse|Isaiah|45:4|NIV}}: [[New International Version]]}}
Some older translations state "I have [[surname]]d you".<ref>Online Parallel Bible Project, versions quoted by Bible Hub at [https://biblehub.com/isaiah/45-4.htm Isaiah 45:4], accessed 22 October 2023</ref>

==Verse 13==
{{quote|I have roused him up in victory, and I make level all his ways; he shall build My city, and he shall let Mine exiles go free, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts.|{{bibleverse|Isaiah|45:13|HE}}}}

==Verse 14==
{{quote|Thus saith the LORD: The labour of Egypt, and the merchandise of Ethiopia, and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine; they shall go after thee, in chains they shall come over; and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee: Surely God is in thee, and there is none else, there is no other God.|{{bibleverse|Isaiah|45:14|HE}}}}

The Egyptian, Ethiopian and Sabaean peoples "are apparently represented here as already conquered by Cyrus". The text may be interpreted as foretelling "spontaneous homage rendered to Israel by distant nations of the earth", or in terms of a prospective conquest; for Skinner in the [[Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges]] "the whole scene strongly suggests a submission that has been preceded by [[humiliation]] and defeat. The meaning probably is that the treasures of the nations are made over to Israel by Cyrus".<ref>Skinner, J., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/45.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Isaiah 45, accessed 16 August 2018</ref>

==Verse 25==
{{quote|In the Lord shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.|{{bibleverse|Isaiah|45:25|HE}}}}

==Uses==
===Music===
"Isaiah 45:23" is a song title in the album "[[The Life of the World to Come (album)|''The Life of the World to Come'']]" inspired by this verse that was released by the American band [[The Mountain Goats]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/the-mountain-goats-the-life-of-the-world-to-come/1863 |title=The Mountain Goats: The Life of the World to Come &#124; Music Review |magazine=[[Slant Magazine]] |date=2009-10-05 |accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref>

==See also==
*Related [[Bible]] parts:  [[Isaiah 44]]
{{Portal|Bible}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==

===Jewish===
*[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1045.htm Isaiah 45 Original Hebrew with Parallel English]

===Christian===
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=27&c=45 Isaiah 45 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]

{{Book of Isaiah}}
{{Books of the Bible}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isaiah, Book Of}}
[[Category:Book of Isaiah chapters|45]]