View source for IBM Award

{{Short description|National Basketball Association award}}
{{NBA Awards}}
[[File:David Robinson spurs (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|upright|San Antonio Spurs center [[David Robinson (basketball)|David Robinson]] won five IBM Awards.|alt=Head shot of David Robinson]]
The '''IBM Award''' was an award given out to [[National Basketball Association]] players from 1984 to 2002.  The award was sponsored and calculated by technology company [[IBM]] and was determined by a computer formula, which measured a player's statistical contribution to his team. The player with the best contribution to his team in the league received the award.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/news/1999/05/09/ibm_mutombo/ |title=Mutombo wins IBM award |magazine=Sports Illustrated |agency=Associated Press |date=May 9, 1999 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212423/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/news/1999/05/09/ibm_mutombo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first recipient was [[Magic Johnson]] of the [[Los Angeles Lakers]], and the final recipient was [[Tim Duncan]] of the [[San Antonio Spurs]].

Most of the players who won the award have been [[forward (basketball)|forwards]] or [[center (basketball)|centers]]; many finished near the top in [[Rebound (basketball)|rebounding]] the year they won.<ref name=NBAGuide>{{cite book |title= 2004–2005 Official NBA Guide |editor=Rob Reheuser |others=Corrie Anderson |year= 2004 |publisher= Sporting News Books |location= St. Louis |isbn=0-89204-717-8}}</ref>  The award was given out nineteen times, six times to players on the [[San Antonio Spurs]], three times each to players on the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] and [[Los Angeles Lakers]], and twice each to players on the [[Chicago Bulls]] and [[Detroit Pistons]].<ref name=NBAGuide />  [[David Robinson (basketball)|David Robinson]] won five IBM Awards, [[Charles Barkley]] won three, and [[Michael Jordan]] and [[Shaquille O'Neal]] won two each.<ref name=NBAGuide />

As of [[Tim Duncan]]'s selection to the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]] in 2020, all IBM Award winners have been inducted.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=KentuckyMBB|author=Kentucky Basketball|number=585108038589276163|date=6 April 2015|title=The 2015 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame class.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/hof.html |title=Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame |work=Basketball-reference.com |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |access-date=August 20, 2011 |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205010924/http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/hof.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  Jordan, Robinson, Barkley, Johnson, Duncan, [[Shaquille O'Neal]], [[Karl Malone]], and [[Hakeem Olajuwon]] also won [[NBA Most Valuable Player]] awards during their career; Robinson, O'Neal and Duncan won both awards in the same season.<ref name=MVP>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/mvp.html|title=NBA & ABA Most Valuable Players|work=Basketball-reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|access-date=August 20, 2011|archive-date=June 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629041314/http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/mvp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  Jordan, Robinson, Olajuwon, [[Dennis Rodman]] and [[Dikembe Mutombo]] have won the [[NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award]]; Olajuwon is the only player to win both in the same season.<ref name=DPOY>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/dpoy.html|title=NBA & ABA Defensive Player of the Year Award Winners|work=Basketball-reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|access-date=August 20, 2011|archive-date=August 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805072235/http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/dpoy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  [[Grant Hill]] is the only winner of the IBM Award who did not win an NBA MVP or Defensive Player of the Year Award sometime in his career.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/h/hillgr01.html|title=Grant Hill at Basketball-Reference.com|work=Basketball-reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|access-date=August 20, 2011|archive-date=March 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303041719/http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/h/hillgr01.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  O'Neal is the only player to win an IBM Award and an NBA title in the same season; he did this in both the [[1999–2000 NBA season|1999–00]] and [[2000–01 NBA season]]s.<ref name=NBAGuide />  Jordan and Robinson are the only players to win the IBM Award during their respective rookie seasons, both also won the [[NBA Rookie of the Year Award]] in those years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/roy.html|title=Rookie of the Year Award Winners|access-date=March 11, 2015|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=basketball-reference.com|archive-date=March 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307060322/http://www.basketball-reference.com/awards/roy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  Two of the award winners were born outside the United States: Olajuwon ([[Nigeria]]) and Mutombo ([[Zaire]]).<ref name=Nigeria /><ref name="intlnba" />  Duncan was born in the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]].<ref name="intlnba" />  The award was discontinued in 2002.  With Tim Duncan's retirement following the 2015–16 NBA season, there are no more IBM Award winners currently playing in the NBA.

The IBM Award was originally named the '''Pivotal Player Award''' and was sponsored by the [[Schick (razors)|Schick]] razor company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Schick Special Advertising Section|date=February 7, 1986|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=8C}}</ref>

==Winners==
[[File:Barkley Lipofsky.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Philadelphia 76ers forward [[Charles Barkley]] won three consecutive IBM Awards.|alt=Head shot of Charles Barkley]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
| style="background-color:#FFFF99; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:6em"| *
|Inducted into the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]]
|-
|Player (#)
|Denotes the number of times the player won the IBM Award
|-
|Team (#)
|Denotes the number of times a player from this team has won
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" summary="Season (sortable), Player (sortable), Position (sortable), Nationality (sortable) and Team (sortable)"
|+ List of IBM Award Winners
|-
!scope="col"| Season
!scope="col"| Player
!scope="col"| Position
!scope="col"| Nationality
!scope="col"| Team
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1983}}
| bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Magic|Johnson}}*
| [[Guard (basketball)|Guard]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Los Angeles Lakers]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1984}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Michael|Jordan}}*
| [[Guard (basketball)|Guard]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Chicago Bulls]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1985}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Charles|Barkley}}*
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Philadelphia 76ers]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1986}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Charles|Barkley}}* (2)
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Philadelphia 76ers]] (2)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1987}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Charles|Barkley}}* (3)
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Philadelphia 76ers]] (3)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1988}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Michael|Jordan}}* (2)
| [[Guard (basketball)|Guard]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Chicago Bulls]] (2)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1989}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|David|Robinson|David Robinson}}*
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1990}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|David|Robinson|David Robinson}}* (2)
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]] (2)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1991}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Dennis|Rodman}}*
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Detroit Pistons]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1992}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Hakeem|Olajuwon}}*{{note label|Note2|b|b}}
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{NGA}}{{ref label|Note3|c|c}}
| [[Houston Rockets]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1993}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|David|Robinson|David Robinson}}* (3)
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]] (3)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1994}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|David|Robinson|David Robinson}}* (4){{note label|Note1|a|a}}
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]] (4)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1995}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|David|Robinson|David Robinson}}* (5)
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]] (5)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1996}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Grant|Hill}}*
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Detroit Pistons]] (2)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1997}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Karl|Malone}}*
| [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Utah Jazz]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1998}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Dikembe|Mutombo}}*
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{flag|Zaire}}{{ref label|Note4|d|d}}
| [[Atlanta Hawks]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|1999|trunc=y}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Shaquille|O'Neal}}* {{note label|Note1|a|a}}
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Los Angeles Lakers]] (2)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|2000}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Shaquille|O'Neal}}* (2)
| [[Center (basketball)|Center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Los Angeles Lakers]] (3)
|-
! scope="row" | {{nbay|2001}}
|bgcolor="#FFFF99"| {{sortname|Tim|Duncan}}* {{note label|Note1|a|a}}{{note label|Note5|e|e}}
| [[Forward-center]]
| {{USA}}
| [[San Antonio Spurs]] (6)
|}

==Formula==
The IBM Award was calculated with the following formula:<ref>{{cite book |title= 2003 ESPN Sports Almanac |editor= Gerry Brown |year= 2003 |publisher= Hyperion |isbn= 0-7868-8715-X |page= [https://archive.org/details/2003espninformat00brow/page/360 360] |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/2003espninformat00brow/page/360 }}</ref>

{{hidden begin|titlestyle=text-align: center|border=#aaa 1px solid|title=IBM Award formula|expanded=on}}
:<math>\frac{(\mathrm{plyr\ PTS}-\mathrm{plyr\ FGA}+\mathrm{plyr\ REB}+\mathrm{ plyr\  AST}+\mathrm{plyr\ STL}+\mathrm{plyr\ BLK}-\mathrm{plyr\ PF}-\mathrm{plyr\ TO}+(\mathrm{team\ wins}\times10))\times250}{\mathrm{team\ PTS}-\mathrm{team\ FGA}+\mathrm{team\ REB}+\mathrm{team\ AST}+\mathrm{team\ STL}+\mathrm{team\ BLK}-\mathrm{team\ PF}-\mathrm{team\ TO}}</math>

In the formula, plyr stands for player, PTS stands for [[Point (basketball)|points]], FGA stands for [[Field goal (basketball)|field goal attempts]], REB stands for [[rebound (basketball)|rebounds]], AST stands for [[Assist (basketball)|assists]], STL stands for [[Steal (basketball)|steals]], BLK stands for [[Block (basketball)|blocks]], PF stands for [[Personal foul (basketball)|personal fouls]], and TO stands for [[Turnover (basketball)|turnovers]].  The award was given to the player with the highest total.
{{hidden end}}

The formula bears some resemblance to [[player efficiency rating]], and many winners of the IBM award were calculated to have finished at or near the top in player efficiency rating in their award-winning seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/per_top_10.html |title=NBA & ABA Year-by-Year Top 10 Leaders and Records for Player Efficiency Rating |publisher=Basketball-reference.com |access-date=2017-12-02 |archive-date=2019-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320190843/https://www.basketball-reference.com/leaders/per_top_10.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{note label|Note1|a|a}} Won the [[NBA Most Valuable Player Award]] in same season <ref name=MVP />
* {{note label|Note2|b|b}} Won the [[NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award]] in same season<ref name=DPOY />
* {{note label|Note3|c|c}} Hakeem Olajuwon was born in [[Nigeria]], but became a naturalized United States citizen in 1993.<ref name=Nigeria>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=hakeem_olajuwon|title=Hakeem Olajuwon Bio: 1984–2002|access-date=August 24, 2011|publisher=Turner Sports Interactive, Inc|work=NBA.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218132647/http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=hakeem_olajuwon|archive-date=February 18, 2013}}</ref>
* {{note label|Note4|d|d}} [[Zaire]] was renamed the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in May 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=November 8, 2009|archive-date=February 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{note label|Note5|e|e}} Tim Duncan was born in the U.S. Virgin Islands, but is a U.S. citizen and has played for the U.S. Olympic Team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/virgin-islands/|title=Virgin Islands|access-date=August 12, 2008|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|archive-date=March 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323140934/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/virgin-islands/|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, the NBA considers him an international player.<ref name="intlnba">{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/players/international_player_directory.html|title=NBA Players from around the world: 2005–2006 Season|access-date=March 13, 2011|publisher=Turner Sports Interactive, Inc|work=NBA.com|archive-date=September 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924135033/http://www.nba.com/players/international_player_directory.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Refend}}

==See also==
*[[NBA records]]

==References==
'''General (for list of winners and their teams)'''
{{Refbegin}}
# {{cite book |title= 2004–2005 Official NBA Guide |editor=Rob Reheuser |others=Corrie Anderson |year= 2004 |publisher= Sporting News Books |location= St. Louis |isbn=0-89204-717-8 |page= 150}}
# {{cite web |url=http://www.apbr.org/apbr-faq.html |title=Association for Professional Basketball Research FAQ |date=November 1, 2001 |publisher=Association for Professional Basketball Research |access-date=September 6, 2011 |archive-date=August 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820185241/http://apbr.org/apbr-faq.html |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

'''Specific'''
{{Reflist}}
{{IBM Award|state=expanded}}
{{featured list}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Awards established in 1984]]
[[Category:Awards disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:IBM]]
[[Category:NBA awards]]
[[Category:NBA lists]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in the United States]]