View source for Hosea 7

{{Bible chapter|letname= Hosea 7 |previouslink= Hosea 6 |previousletter= chapter 6 |nextlink= Hosea 8 |nextletter= chapter 8 |book=[[Book of Hosea]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 28 |category= [[Nevi'im]] | filename= 4Q166.jpg | size=250px | name= 4Q166, 1st century BC |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.</div>}}

'''Hosea 7''' is the seventh chapter of the [[Book of Hosea]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]].<ref name=Halley>Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 355</ref><ref name=Holman>Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</ref> In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the [[Twelve Minor Prophets|Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets]].<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger, Bruce M.]], et al. ''The Oxford Companion to the Bible''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</ref><ref>Keck, Leander E. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref> The book contains the prophecies attributed the prophet [[Hosea]], son of [[Beeri]], and this chapter is about Israel reproved for multiple sins (Hosea 7:1-10) resulting in God's wrath against them for their hypocrisy (Hosea 7:11-16).<ref name=jfb/> 

== Text ==
The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]. Some early [[biblical manuscript|manuscripts]] containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], including 4Q78 (4QXII<sup>c</sup>; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 12–13;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=593}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]</ref>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=38}}<ref>[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q78-1 4Q78 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]</ref> and 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1, 12–16.<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}}{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=593–594}}<ref>[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q82-1 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]</ref>

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]].<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}</ref>}}

[[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 16 verses.

==Contents and commentary==
===Verse 1===
:''When I would have healed Israel,''
:''Then the iniquity of Ephraim was uncovered,''
:''And the wickedness of Samaria.''
:''For they have committed fraud;''
:''A thief comes in;''
:''A band of robbers takes spoil outside.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|7:1|NKJV}}: [[New King James Version]]</ref>
Hosea mentions [[Samaria (ancient city)|Samaria]] here for the first time, the capital of the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|northern kingdom]]: he will refer to it again on several further occasions.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} [[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Albert Barnes]] suggests that "the name "Israel" includes the whole people; the names, Ephraim and Samaria, probably are meant to designate the chief among them, [[tribe of Ephraim|Ephraim]] having been their royal tribe, and being the chief tribe among them; Samaria being their royal city.<ref name=barnes />

===Verse 11===
: '' Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart:''
:: ''they call to Egypt,''
:: ''they go to Assyria.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|7:11|KJV}}: [[King James Version]]</ref>
* "A silly dove": a proverbial bird for 'simplicity', for being easily deceived,<ref name=jfb>Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. ''[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary|Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible]]''. 1871.{{PD-notice}}</ref> easily be led to evil ("like wax to be bent to evil"; Psalm 116:6), as in an Eastern proverb: "There is nothing more simple than a dove".<ref name=barnes/> [[Jerome]] wrote  that this bird does not search nor grieve for its chicks when they are missing.<ref name=pulpit>Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The [[Pulpit Commentary]]. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}</ref> Thus {{bibleverse| Proverbs|1:22|9}} has "How long, you simple one, will you love simplicity?", whereas [[Jesus Christ]] uses the likeness of the dove in "be wise as serpents, harmless ('simple'; 'innocent') as doves" ([[Matthew 10:16]]).<ref name=barnes>[[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Barnes, Albert]], [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/hosea/7.htm  Notes on the Old Testament]. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998, accessed 28 November 2023. {{PD-notice}}</ref> 
* "Call to Egypt": for help, as when [[Hoshea]] king of Israel asked help from So (or Sabacon), king of Egypt (2 Kings 17:4).<ref name=gill/>
* "Go to Assyria": paying tributes like Menahem to Pul, or Hoshea to Shalmaneser (2 Kings 15:19). The [[Targum]] interprets it not as to "go asking for help" but states that ''"they go captive ('are carried captive') into Assyria."''<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]]. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Bible}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Assyria]]
* [[Egypt]]
* [[Ephraim]]
* [[Israel]]
* [[Judah (biblical person)|Judah]]
* [[Samaria]]
{{div col end}}
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Hosea 6]], [[Hosea 8]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{Cite book
|last      = Collins
|first     = John J.
|title     = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
|publisher = Fortress Press
|year      = 2014
|isbn = 9781451469233
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ
}}
*{{cite book|last= Day | first= John | chapter = 27. Hosea | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 571–578 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
* {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
*{{Cite book
|last      = Hayes
|first     = Christine
|title     = Introduction to the Bible
|publisher = Yale University Press
|year      = 2015
|isbn = 978-0300188271
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC
}}
* {{Cite book
| editor-last  = Ulrich
| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich
| title        = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
| year         = 2010
| publisher    = Brill
| url          = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year=  1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==

===Jewish===
*[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1307.htm Hosea 7 Hebrew with Parallel English]
*[http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16161 Hosea 7 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

===Christian===
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=7 Hosea 7 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205102247/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=7 |date=2017-02-05 }}

{{Book of Hosea}}

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[[Category:Book of Hosea chapters|07]]