View source for Hosea 5

{{Bible chapter|letname= Hosea 5 |previouslink= Hosea 4 |previousletter= chapter 4 |nextlink= Hosea 6 |nextletter= chapter 6 |book=[[Book of Hosea]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 28 |category= [[Nevi'im]] | filename= 4Q166.jpg | size=250px | name= 4Q166, 1st century BC |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.</div>}}

'''Hosea 5''' is the fifth chapter of the [[Book of Hosea]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]].<ref name=Halley>Halley, Henry H. ''Halley's Bible Handbook'': an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 354</ref><ref name=Holman>Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.</ref> In the Hebrew Bible it is a part of the [[Twelve Minor Prophets|Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets]].<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger, Bruce M.]], et al. ''The Oxford Companion to the Bible''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</ref><ref>Keck, Leander E. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref> The book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet [[Hosea]], son of [[Beeri]], and this chapter is about God's judgments against the priests, the people, and the princes of Israel, for their multiple sins (Hosea 5:1-14), until they repent (Hosea 5:15), a topic which continues to chapter 6.<ref name=jfb/> 

== Text ==
The original text was written in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]. [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 15 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], including 4Q78 (4QXII<sup>c</sup>; 75–50 BCE) with extant verse 1.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=592–593}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#hosea Dead sea scrolls - Hosea]</ref>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=38}}<ref>[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q78-1 4Q78 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]</ref>

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]].<ref>{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}</ref>}}

==Contents and commentary==
===Verse 1===
:''Hear this, O priests!''
:: ''Pay attention, O house of Israel!''
:''Listen, O house of the king!''
:: ''For the judgment is for you,''
:''because you have been a snare at Mizpah''
:: ''and a net spread over Tabor,''<ref>{{bibleref2|Hosea|5:1|MEV}} [[Modern English Version|MEV]]</ref>
* "Priests ... house of Israel ...house of the king": the [[Pulpit Commentary]] interprets this call inclusively, as being addressed to "all the estates of the realm - [[Kohen|priests]], people, and princes ...  the rulers and the ruled, the spiritual teachers and the taught". No one was to be exempted.<ref name=pulpit>Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/hosea/5.htm The Pulpit Commentary] on Hosea 5, first published 1890, accessed 25 November 2023.{{PD-notice}}</ref> However, [[John Day (biblical scholar)|John Day]] considers the mention of the "house of Israel" between the priests and the royal household to be "odd" wording.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=574}}
* "The king": probably refers to [[Pekah]] (the contemporary of [[Ahaz]], [[kingdom of Judah|king of Judah]]) who first carried the idolatry far in Judah, while calling for joint Syrian and Israelite invasion, as also that of Assyria.<ref name=jfb>Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. ''[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary|Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible]]''. 1871.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
* "A snare on Mizpah, and a net spread over Tabor": Mizpah  and Tabor refer to two high mountains in the northern land of Israel, which, according to Joseph ben Gorion,<ref>Joseph ben Gorion. Hist. Heb. l. 4. c. 25. p. 635.</ref> almost four miles high, had on the top of it a plain of almost three miles (or three and a quarter miles according to [[Josephus]];<ref>Flavius Josephus. De Bello Jud. l. 4. c. 1. sect. 9</ref> Jeremiah 46:18), and where altars were set up to ensnare and draw people into idolatry.<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|John Gill]]. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
* "Mizpah": the place of the solemn covenant between [[Jacob]] and [[Laban (Bible)|Laban]], and of his signal protection by God, lay in the mountainous part of Gilead on the East of Jordan. Mizpah, being a sacred place in the history of the patriarch Jacob ({{bibleverse|Genesis|31:23-49|9}}), was probably, like Gilgal and other sacred places, desecrated by idolatry.<ref name=barnes>[[Albert Barnes (theologian)|Barnes, Albert]]. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}</ref>
* "Tabor": a mountain in Galilee, between the tribal territories of [[Tribe of Issachar|Issachar]] and [[Tribe of Zebulun|Zebulun]], {{convert|6|mi}} from [[Nazareth]], regarded the same as the [[Mount of Transfiguration|Mountain of]] [[Transfiguration of Jesus|the Transfiguration]] in the midst of the plain of Jezreel or Esdraelon, one thousand feet high, in the form of a [[sugarloaf]]. [[Jerome]] wrote that birds were still snared on this mountain.<ref name=barnes/> Tabor was the scene of God's deliverance of Israel by Barak ([[Judges 4]]). There, by encouraging idolatries, they became hunters, not pastors, of souls ({{bibleverse|Ezekiel|13:18|9}}, {{bibleverse|Ezekiel|13:20|9}}).<ref name=barnes/>

===Verse 13===
: ''When Ephraim saw his sickness,''
:: ''and Judah saw his wound,''
: ''then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb:''
:: ''yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Hosea|5:13|KJV}}</ref>
* "went Ephraim to the Assyrian": First, Menahem ({{bibleref2|2 Kings|15:19}}) applied to Pul; again, Hoshea to Shalmaneser ({{bibleref2|2 Kings|17:3}}).<ref name=jfb/>
* "king Jareb": can be rendered as "a king who should plead" or "an avenging king", "hostile king", which may refer to the same Assyrian Monarch courted by both Israel and Judah,leading to the destruction of Israel and the weakening of Judah. [[Ahaz]] king of Judah did ask Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria to come and save him ("I am thy servant and thy son; come up and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me"; 2 Kings 16:7-8), yet "the Lord brought Judah low; and Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria came unto him and distressed him, but strengthened him not" (2 Chronicles 28:19-20). Ahaz emptied his own treasures, and pillaged the house of God, in order to buy the help of the Assyrian, and he taught him an evil lesson against himself, of his wealth and his weakness. God had said that, if they were faithful, "five shall chase an hundred, and an hundred put ten thousand to flight" (Leviticus 26:8). God had pronounced him cursed, who trusted in man, and made flesh his arm, and whose heart departed from the Lord" (Jeremiah 17:5), like the king of Judah.<ref name=barnes/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Bible}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Assyria]]
* [[Benjamin]]
* [[List of biblical names starting with B|Beth-aven]]
* [[Ephraim]]
* [[Gibeah]]
* [[Israel]]
* [[Judah (biblical person)|Judah]]
* [[Mizpah in Gilead (Genesis)|Mizpah]]
* [[Ramah in Benjamin|Ramah]]
* [[Mount Tabor|Tabor]]
{{div col end}}
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Hosea 4]], [[Hosea 6]], [[James 4]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{Cite book
|last      = Collins
|first     = John J.
|title     = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
|publisher = Fortress Press
|year      = 2014
|isbn = 9781451469233
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ
}}
*{{cite book|last= Day | first= John | chapter = 27. Hosea | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 571–578 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
* {{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|author-link= Joseph Fitzmyer |publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 9780802862419|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
*{{Cite book
|last      = Hayes
|first     = Christine
|title     = Introduction to the Bible
|publisher = Yale University Press
|year      = 2015
|isbn = 978-0300188271
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC
}}
* {{Cite book
| editor-last  = Ulrich
| editor-first = Eugene |editor-link= Eugene Ulrich
| title        = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
| year         = 2010
| publisher    = Brill
| url          = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year=  1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==

===Jewish===
*[http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1305.htm Hosea 5 Hebrew with Parallel English]
*[http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16159 Hosea 5 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

===Christian===
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=5 Hosea 5 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091510/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=33&c=5 |date=2017-02-04 }}

{{Book of Hosea}}

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