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This '''glossary of power electronics''' is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related to [[power electronics]] in general and power electronic capacitors in particular. For more definitions in electric engineering, see [[Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering]]. For terms related to engineering in general, see [[Glossary of engineering]].

The glossary terms fit in the following categories in power electronics:

* Electronic power converters; converters, rectifiers, inverters, filters.
* Electronic power switches and electronic AC power converters; switches and controllers.
* Essential components of electric power equipment; device, stack, assembly, reactor, capacitor, transformer, AC filter, DC filter, snubber circuit.
* Circuits and circuit elements of power electronic equipment; arms and connections.
* Operations within power electronic equipment; commutations, quenchings, controls, angles, factors, states, directions, intervals, periods, frequencies, voltages, breakthroughs and failures, breakdowns, blocking and flows.
* Properties of power electronic equipment
* Characteristic curves of power electronic equipment
* Power supplies
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== A ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|AC capacitor}}
{{defn|A {{gli|capacitor}} essentially designed for operation with alternating voltage.{{efn|AC capacitors may be used with dc voltage up to the rated voltage only by permission of the capacitor manufacturer.}}}}{{term|AC conversion factor}}
{{defn|For AC conversion, the ratio of the fundamental output power to the fundamental input power.}}

{{term|AC converter}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for AC conversion.}}

{{term|[[Electronic filter|AC filter]]}}
{{defn|A filter on the AC side of a converter, designed to reduce the circulation of [[Harmonics (electrical power)|harmonic currents]] in the associated system.}}

{{term|[[Electric power conversion|AC voltage converter]]}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} for changing the [[voltage]].}}

{{term|[[AC-to-AC converter|(electronic) AC (power) conversion]]}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} from AC to AC}}

{{term|[[Electric power conversion|(electronic) AC/DC (power) conversion]]}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} from AC to DC or vice versa.}}

{{term|[[Electric power conversion|AC/DC converter]]}}
{{defn|An {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|electronic converter}} for {{gli|rectifier|rectification}} or inversion or both.}}

{{term|angle of overlap}} 
{{defn|The {{gli|commutation interval}} expressed in angular measure.}}

{{term|(valve) arm}}
{{defn|A part of the circuit of a {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|power converter}} or switch bounded by any two AC or DC terminals and including one or more simultaneously conducting electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} connected together and other components if any.}}

{{term|[[Phase-fired controller|asymmetrical phase control]]}}
{{defn|{{gli|Phase control}} with different delay angles in the {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} of a converter connection or {{gli|commutating group}}.}}

{{term|automatic switching on}}
{{defn|The property of an equipment having a forced characteristic such that the equipment is switched on automatically.}}

{{term|automatic switching off}}
{{defn|The property of an equipment having a forced characteristic such that the equipment is switched off automatically.}}

{{term|auto-sequential commutation}}
{{defn|A method of {{gli|capacitor commutation}} where the next {{gli|principal arm}} to conduct in sequence when turned on connects the capacitor supplying the {{gli|commutating voltage}} to the foregoing {{gli|principal arm}}.}}

{{term|auxiliary arm}}
{{defn|Any {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} other than a {{gli|principal arm}}.{{efn|Sometimes an auxiliary arm temporarily fulfills more than one of the following functions: by-pass arm, free-wheeling arm, turn-off arm or regenerative arm.}}}}
{{glossary end}}

== B ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|basic converter connection}}
{{defn|The electrical arrangement of {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} in a {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}}.}}

{{Term|[[boost converter]]}}
{{Term|step-up converter|multi=y}}
{{defn|A direct {{gli|DC converter}} providing an output voltage which is higher than the input voltage.}}

{{term|boost and buck connection}}
{{defn|A series connection of two or more converter connections the direct voltages of which may be added or subtracted depending on the control of the individual connections.}}

{{term|breakdown (of an electronic valve device or of a valve arm)}}
{{defn|A failure that permanently deprives an {{gli|electronic valve device}} or a {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} of its property to block voltage.}}

{{term|breakthrough}}
{{defn|A failure by which a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices loses its ability to block voltage during the forward blocking interval.}}

{{term|bridge connection}}
{{defn|A double-way connection of pairs of arms such that the center terminals are the phase terminals of the AC circuit, and that the outer terminals of like polarity are connected together and are the DC terminals.}}

{{term|[[buck converter]]}}
{{Term|step-down converter|multi=y}}
{{defn|A direct {{gli|DC converter}} providing an output voltage which is lower than the input voltage.}}

{{term|by-pass arm}}
{{defn|An {{gli|auxiliary arm}} providing a conductive path which allows the current to circulate without an interchange of power between source and load.}}
{{glossary end}}

== C ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|capacitor commutation}}
{{defn|A method of self-commutation in which the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is supplied by capacitors included in the commutation circuit.}}{{term|capacitor element (or element)}}
{{defn|An indivisible part of a [[capacitor]] consisting of two [[electrodes]] separated by a [[dielectric]].}}{{term|capacitor losses}}
{{defn|The active power consumed by a {{gli|capacitor}}.{{efn|Unless otherwise stated, the capacitor, losses will be understood to include losses in fuses and discharge resistors forming an integral part of the capacitor.}}{{efn|At high frequency, the capacitor losses are predominantly due to losses in connections, contacts, and electrodes.}}}}{{term|capacitor unit (or unit)}}
{{defn|An assembly of one or more {{gli|capacitor element (or element)|capacitor elements}} in the same container with terminals brought out.}}{{term|capacitor bank}}
{{defn|An assembly of two or more {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|capacitor units}}, electrically connected to each other.}}{{term|[[capacitor]]}}
{{defn|A general term used when it is not necessary to state whether reference is made to an {{gli|capacitor element (or element)|element}}, a {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|unit}} or a {{gli|capacitor bank}}.}}{{term|capacitor equipment}}
{{defn|An assembly of {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|capacitor units}} and their accessories intended for connection to a network.}}

{{term|circuit angle}}
{{defn|In a {{gli|rectifier}} connection, the [[Phase (waves)|phase angle]] between the peak of the line to neutral voltage on the AC line side and the simultaneous or next peak of the unsmoothed [[Direct current|direct voltage]] at zero current delay angle.}}

{{term|circuit crest working off-state voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of the off-state voltage developed across a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices, excluding all repetitive and non-repetitive transients.}}

{{term|circuit crest working reverse voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of the reverse voltage developed across a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices, excluding all repetitive and non-repetitive transient voltages.}}

{{term|circuit non-repetitive peak off-state voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of any non-repetitive transient off-state voltage developed across a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices.}}

{{term|circuit non-repetitive peak reverse voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of any non-repetitive transient reverse voltage developed across a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices.}}

{{term|circuit repetitive peak off-state voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of the off-state voltage developed across a  {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices, including all repetitive transient voltages but excluding all non-repetitive transient voltages.}}

{{term|circuit repetitive peak reverse voltage}}
{{defn|The highest instantaneous value of a reverse voltage developed across a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices, including all repetitive transient voltages but excluding all non-repetitive transient voltages.}}

{{term|circuit reverse blocking interval}}
{{defn|The interval during which a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices is in the reverse blocking state.}}

{{term|circuit off-state interval}}
{{defn|The interval during which a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices is in the off state.}}

{{term|characteristic (curve) (of a converter)}}
{{defn|A curve showing the relationship between the values of the output voltage and the values of the output current.}}

{{term|commutating voltage}}
{{defn|The voltage which causes the current to commutate.}}

{{term|commutation}}
{{defn|In a {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|power converter}} the transfer of current from one conducting arm to the next to conduct in sequence, without interruption of the current, both arms conducting simultaneously during a finite time interval.}}

{{term|commutation circuit}}
{{defn|The circuit consisting of the commutating arms and the source providing the commutating voltage.}}

{{term|commutating group}}
{{defn|A group of {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} which commutate cyclically among themselves without intermediate {{gli|commutation}} of the current to other {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}}.}}

{{term|commutation capacitor}}
{{defn|A [[capacitor]] included in the {{gli|commutation circuit}} to supply commutating voltage.}}

{{term|commutation inductance}}
{{defn|The resulting [[inductance]] in the {{gli|commutation}} circuit.}}

{{term|commutation interval}}
{{defn|The time interval in which commutating arms are carrying principal current simultaneously.}}

{{term|commutation failure}}
{{defn|A failure to commutate the current from a conducting arm to the succeeding arm.}}

{{term|commutation notch}}
{{defn|A periodic voltage transient that may appear in the AC side voltage of a line or machine commutated {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} due to the {{gli|commutation}}.}}

{{term|commutation number}}
{{defn|The number of {{gli|commutation|commutations}} from one {{gli|principal arm}} to another during one {{gli|elementary period}} in each {{gli|commutating group}}.}}

{{term|commutation reactor}}
{{defn|A [[Inductor|reactor]] included in the {{gli|commutation circuit}} to increase the {{gli|commutation}} [[inductance]].}}

{{term|composite characteristic}}
{{defn|A characteristic consisting of parts of the stabilized voltage and stabilized current characteristics.}}

{{term|conducting direction (of an electronic valve device or of a valve arm)}}
{{defn|The direction in which an {{gli|electronic valve device}} or a {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} is capable of conducting current.}}

{{term|conduction interval (of a valve arm)}}
{{defn|That part of an elementary period in which the {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} conducts.}}

{{term|conduction ratio}}
{{defn|The ratio of the conduction interval to the sum of the conduction interval and the {{gli|idle interval (of a valve arm)|idle interval}}.}}

{{term|conduction through}}
{{defn|In {{gli|(electronic) (power) inversion|inverter}} operation, the situation that a {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} continues conduction at the end of the normal conduction interval or at the end of the hold-off interval.}}

{{term|[[Electric power conversion|(electronic) (power) conversion]]}}
{{defn|Change of one or more of the characteristics of an electric power system essentially without appreciable loss of power by means of {{gli|electronic valve device|electronic valve devices}}.{{efn|Characteristics are, for example, voltage, number of phases and frequency including zero frequency.}}}}

{{term|[[Electric power conversion|(electronic) (power) converter]]}}
{{defn|An operative unit for electronic power conversion, comprising one or more {{gli|electronic valve device|electronic valve devices}}, [[Transformer|transformers]] and [[Electronic filter|filters]] if necessary and auxiliaries if any.{{efn|In English, the two spellings "convertor" and "converter" are in use, and both are correct. In this document, the spelling "converter" is used in order to avoid duplications.}}}}

{{term|converter connection}}
{{defn|The electrical arrangement of valve arms and other components essential for the function of the main power circuit of a {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}}.}}

{{term|converter section of a double converter}}
{{defn|That part of a {{gli|double converter}} in which the main [[direct current]] when viewed from the DC terminals always flows in the same direction.}}

{{Term|controllable valve device}}
{{defn|A {{gli|electronic valve device|valve device}} the current path of which is [[Flip-flop (electronics)|bistably]] controlled in its conducting direction.}}

{{term|constant current power supply}}
{{defn|A [[power supply]] that stabilizes output current with respect to changes of influence quantities.}}

{{term|constant voltage power supply}}
{{defn|A [[power supply]] that stabilizes output voltage with respect to changes of influence quantities.}}

{{term|constant voltage or constant current power supply}}
{{defn|A stabilized [[power supply]] that operates as a constant voltage power supply or constant current power supply depending on load conditions.}}

{{term|constant voltage to constant current crossover}}
{{defn|The behavior of a stabilized [[power supply]] that automatically converts the mode of operation from voltage stabilization to current stabilization when the output current reaches a preset value, and vice versa.}}

{{term|continuous flow (of direct current)}}
{{defn|A flow of [[direct current]] which is not periodically interrupted.}}

{{term|conversion factor (in general)}}
{{defn|The ratio of the fundamental output power or DC output power to the fundamental input power or DC input power.}}

{{Term|container temperature rise (''△θcase'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The difference between the temperature of the hottest point of the container and the temperature of the cooling air.}}

{{Term|controlled ideal no-load direct voltage}}
{{defn|The theoretical no-load direct voltage of an AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} corresponding to a specified trigger delay angle assuming no {{gli|threshold voltage (of an electronic valve device)|threshold voltages}} of {{gli|electronic valve device|electronic valve devices}} and no voltage rise at small loads.}}

{{term|controlled conventional no-load direct voltage}}
{{defn|The mean value of the direct voltage corresponding to a specified trigger delay angle which would be obtained by extrapolating the direct voltage/current characteristic from the region of continuous flow of direct current to zero current.}}

{{Term|conventional no-load direct voltage}}
{{defn|The mean value of the direct voltage which would be obtained by extrapolating the direct voltage/current characteristic. from the region of continuous flow of direct current to zero current at zero trigger delay angle, i.e. without {{gli|phase control}}.}}

{{Term|cooling-air temperature (''θamb'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The temperature of the cooling air measured at the hottest position in the bank, under steady-state conditions, midway between two units. If only one {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|unit}} is involved, it is the temperature measured at a point approximately 0-1 m away from the {{gli|capacitor}} container and at two-thirds of the height from its base. }}

{{term|crossover area}}
{{defn|With stabilized [[Power supply|power supplies]], the range of values of the output quantities within which a change of mode of operation occurs, e.g. from constant voltage to constant current.{{efn|Within this area, the output quantities are not well defined.}}{{efn|Unless otherwise specified, the crossover area is given by the overlap of the load effect bands or of the tolerance bands.}}}}

{{term|crossover point}}
{{defn|With stabilized [[Power supply|power supplies]] a point given by the intersection of the lines representing the nominal values of the two stabilized output quantities, usually the centre of the crossover area.}}

{{term|current delay angle}}
{{defn|The time expressed in angular measure by which the starting instant of current conduction is delayed by {{gli|phase control}}.}}

{{term|current pulse width (''τ'') (capacitor)}}{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| total_width = 220
| image1 = Commutating waveform.png
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 1.A. — A Commutative Diagram.
| image2 = Commutating circuit.png
| caption2 = 1.B. — Commutating Circuit Example
| footer = <hr><p><math display="inline">f_p=\frac{1}{t_p} \qquad \tau=\pi\sqrt{LC}</math></p>''τ'' = capacitor current pulse width<br />''t<sub>p</sub>'' = system pulse duration<br />''f<sub>p</sub>'' = system pulse frequency<br />''U<sub>n</sub>'' = peak recurrent voltage<br />''i'' = peak current<hr>Fig. 1. Wave Forms
| header = Wave Forms
| caption3 = 2. — Surge Wave Form
| image3 = Surge wave form.png
}}{{defn|The time of current flow during the charging or discharging from one voltage value to another of the {{gli|capacitor}}.{{efn|The pulse current waveform example are shown in Fig. 1.}}}}

{{term|current source inverter}}
{{Term|current fed inverter|multi=y}}
{{defn|A current stiff {{gli|(electronic) (power) inversion|inverter}}.}}

{{term|[[Rectifier|current stiff AC/DC converter]]}}
{{defn|An electronic AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} having an essentially smooth current on the DC side provided e.g. by means to reduce the [[Harmonics (electrical power)|harmonic currents]].}}

{{term|[[cycloconverter]]}}
{{defn|A direct {{gli|frequency converter}}.{{efn|By creating an alternating voltage from successive waves of the higher frequency AC system the cycloconverter provides a lower output frequency.}}{{efn|By creating an alternating voltage from successive voltage samples of suitable frequency and duration the cycloconverter provides a higher or lower output frequency.}}}}
{{glossary end}}

== D ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|DC capacitor}}
{{defn|A {{gli|capacitor}} essentially designed for operation with direct voltage.{{efn|DC capacitors may be used with ac voltage only by permission of the capacitor manufacturer.}}}}{{term|DC converter}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for {{gli|(electronic) DC (power) conversion|DC conversion}}.}}

{{term|DC conversion factor}}
{{defn|for {{gli|(electronic) DC (power) conversion|DC conversion}}, the ratio of the [[Direct current|DC power]] value on the load side to that on the source side.}}

{{term|[[DC-to-DC converter|(electronic) DC (power) conversion]]}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} from DC to DC}}

{{term|[[Electronic filter|DC filter]]}}
{{defn|A filter on the DC side of a converter, designed to reduce the [[Ripple (electrical)|ripple]] in the associated system.}}

{{term|DC form factor}}
{{defn|The ratio of the [[Root mean square|rms value]] to the [[Mean|mean value]] averaged over a full period of a periodically varying quantity having a non zero [[DC bias|DC component]].}}

{{term|[[DC power]]}}
{{defn|The product of the direct voltage and the direct current (mean values).}}

{{term|[[Ripple (electrical)|DC ripple factor]]}} 
{{defn|The ratio of half the difference between the maximum and minimum value of a pulsating direct current to the mean, value of this current.{{efn|With low values of the DC ripple factor this quantity is approximately equal to the ratio of the difference to the sum of the maximum and the minimum value.}}}}

{{term|direct AC/DC converter}}
{{defn|An electronic AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} without a DC or AC link.}}

{{term|direct AC converter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} without a DC link.}}

{{term|direct (power) conversion}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} without a DC or AC link.}}

{{Term|direct DC converter}}
{{Term|[[Chopper (electronics)|DC chopper]]|multi=y}}
{{defn|A {{gli|DC converter}} without an AC link.}}

{{term|direct commutation}}
{{defn|A {{gli|commutation}} between two {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} without transfer through any {{gli|auxiliary arm|auxiliary arms}}.}}

{{term|direct inverter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|(electronic) (power) inversion|inverter}} without a DC link.}}

{{term|direct rectifier}}
{{defn|A rectifier without a DC or AC link.}}

{{term|direct voltage regulation}}
{{defn|The difference between the conventional no-load direct voltage and the direct voltage at load at the same trigger delay angle excluding the correcting effect of stabilizing means if any.}}

{{term|double converter}} 
{{defn|A current stiff reversible AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} with direct current in both directions.}}

{{term|double-way connection (of a converter)}}
{{defn|A converter connection such that the current through each of the phase terminals of the AC circuit is bidirectional.}}

{{term|[[duty cycle|duty cycle (capacitor)]]}}
{{defn|1=''continuous duty''; Operation time such that a {{gli|capacitor}} is at thermal equilibrium for most of the time.|no=1}}
{{defn|no=2 |1=''intermittent duty ''; Discontinuous working or operation with variable loads which should be described in terms of ON/OFF or HIGH/LOW periods with their durations.}}
{{glossary end}}

== E ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|electronic AC (power) switch}}
{{defn|An electronic power switch capable of switching [[alternating current]].}}

{{term|electronic AC power controller}}
{{defn|A unit which is able to operate as a controllable direct {{gli|AC voltage converter}} as well as an electronic AC switch.}}

{{term|electronic DC (power) switch}}
{{defn|An electronic power switch capable of switching [[direct current]].}}

{{term|electronic device}}
{{defn|A device the function of which is based on charge carriers moving through a [[semiconductor]], a high [[vacuum]] or a [[gas discharge]].}}

{{term|elementary frequency}}
{{defn|The reciprocal of the elementary period.}}

{{term|elementary period}}
{{defn|The duration of one cycle of the phenomena that are periodically repeated.}}

{{term|[[Power conditioner|electronic power filter]]}}
{{term|[[active power filter]]|multi=y}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for filtering.}}

{{term|[[Switch#Power_switching|electronic (power) switching]]}}
{{defn|Switching an electric power circuit by means of electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}}.}}

{{term|electronic (power) switch}}
{{defn|An operative unit for electronic power switching comprising at least one controllable {{gli|electronic valve device|valve device}}.}}

{{term|electronic valve device}}
{{defn|An indivisible electronic device for electronic power conversion or electronic power switching, comprising a single non-controllable or [[Flip-flop (electronics)|bistably]] controlled unidirectionally conducting current path.{{efn|Typical electronic valve devices are thyristors, power rectifier diodes, power switching bipolar and field effect transistors and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT).}}{{efn|Two or more electronic valve devices may be integrated on a common semiconductor chip (examples: a thyristor and a rectifier diode in a reverse conducting thyristor, a power switching field effect transistor with its inverse diode) or packaged in a common case (semiconductor power module). These combinations are to be considered as separate electronic valve devices.}}}}

{{term|equivalent series resistance of a capacitor }}
{{defn|An effective resistance which, if connected in series with an ideal {{gli|capacitor}} of capacitance value equal to that of the capacitor in question, would have a power loss equal to the active power dissipated in that capacitor underspecified operating conditions. }}

{{term|external commutation}}
{{defn|A {{gli|commutation}} where the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is supplied by a source outside the {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} or electronic switch.}}

{{term|external quenching}}
{{defn|A method of quenching in which the quenching results from causes external to the {{gli|electronic valve device}}.}}
{{glossary end}}

== F ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|false firing}}
{{defn|The firing of a {{gli|latching valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices at an incorrect instant.}}

{{term|[[flyback converter]]}}
{{defn|A {{gli|DC converter}} where the energy is transferred from the source side to the load side during the {{gli|idle interval (of a valve arm)|idle interval(s)}} of the controllable principal arm(s) after being stored in an inductance.}}

{{term|firing}}
{{defn|The establishment of current in the conducting direction in a {{gli|latching valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices.}}

{{term|firing failure}}
{{defn|A failure to achieve conduction in a {{gli|latching valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices during the conduction interval.}}

{{term|forward breakdown}}
{{defn|A failure that permanently deprives a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices of its property to block [[Forward bias|forward voltage]].}}

{{term|[[forward converter]]}}
{{defn|A {{gli|DC converter}} where the energy is transferred from the source side to the load side during the conduction interval(s) of the controllable principal arm(s).}} 

{{term|[[Variable-frequency drive|four-quadrant converter]]}}
{{defn|An AC/DC or {{gli|DC converter}} with two directions of DC power flow, associated with two directions of direct voltage and two directions of direct current.}}

{{term|free-wheeling arm}}
{{defn|A by-pass arm containing only non-controllable {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}}.}}

{{term|[[Frequency changer|frequency converter]]}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} for changing the [[frequency]].{{efn|An AC converter for changing both the frequency and the voltage and possibly the number of phases is also called a frequency converter.}}}}

{{term|forced characteristic (of a line commutated converter)}}
{{defn|A characteristic obtained by additional means, e.g. stabilization, with specified variation limits of influence quantities.}}

{{term|fully controllable connection}}
{{defn|A uniform connection with all {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} controllable.}}

{{term|fundamental factor}}
{{defn|The ratio of the [[Root mean square|rms]] value of the fundamental component to the rms value of the alternating quantity.}}

{{term|fundamental power}}
{{defn|The [[AC power#Active, reactive, and apparent power|active power]] determined by the fundamental components of voltage and current.}}
{{glossary end}}

== H ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|half-controllable connection}}
{{defn|A non-uniform connection with half the number of {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} controllable.}}

{{term|harmonic content}}
{{defn|The quantity obtained by subtracting from an alternating quantity its fundamental component.}}

{{term|(total) harmonic factor}}
{{defn|The ratio of the [[Root mean square|rms value]] of the harmonic content of an alternating quantity to the r.m.s. value of the quantity.}}

{{term|high vacuum valve device}}
{{defn|An {{gli|electronic valve device}} in which the degree of [[vacuum]] is so high that the effects of [[ionization]] are negligible.}}

{{term|hold-off interval}}
{{defn|The interval between the instant when the on-state current of a {{gli|latching valve device}} has decreased to zero and the instant when the same {{gli|electronic valve device|valve device}} is subjected to reapplied off-state voltage.}}
{{glossary end}}

== I ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|indirect AC converter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} with a DC link.}}

{{term|indirect AC/DC converter}}
{{defn|An electronic AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} with a DC or AC link.}}

{{term|indirect commutation}}
{{defn|A series of {{gli|commutation|commutations}} from one {{gli|principal arm}} to another or back to the original one by successive commutations via one or more {{gli|auxiliary arm|auxiliary arms}}.}}

{{term|indirect (power) conversion}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} with one or more DC or AC link(s).}}

{{term|indirect current link AC converter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} with a current stiff DC link .}}

{{term|indirect DC converter}}
{{defn|A {{gli|DC converter}} with an AC link.}}

{{term|indirect inverter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|(electronic) (power) inversion|inverter}} with a DC link.}}

{{term|indirect rectifier}}
{{defn|A {{gli|rectifier}} with a DC or AC link.}}

{{term|indirect voltage link AC converter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} with a voltage stiff DC link.}}

{{term|inductive direct voltage regulation}}
{{defn|The direct [[voltage regulation]] due to the {{gli|commutation inductance|commutation inductance(s)}}.}}

{{term|influence quantity}}
{{defn|In the field of [[power electronics]] any quantity generally external to a [[power supply]] which may affect its performance.}}

{{term|inherent delay angle}}
{{defn|The current delay angle occurring, even without {{gli|phase control}}, caused by multiple overlap.{{efn|Multiple overlap occurs in line commutated converters at high angles of overlap.}}}}

{{term|inherent direct voltage regulation}}
{{defn|The direct [[voltage regulation]] excluding the effect of the AC system [[Electrical impedance|impedance]].}}

{{term|intermittent flow (of direct current)}}
{{defn|A flow of direct current which is periodically interrupted.}}

{{term|internal discharge device}}
{{defn|A device incorporated in the {{gli|capacitor}} connecting the terminals of the {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|unit}}, capable of reducing the residual voltage effectively to zero after the capacitor has been disconnected from the supply.}}

{{term|internal (element) fuse}}
{{defn|A device incorporated in the {{gli|capacitor}} which disconnects an element or a group of elements in the event of breakdown.}}

{{term|insulation voltage (''Ui'')}}
{{defn|The [[Root mean square|RMS]] rated value of the insulation voltage of {{gli|capacitive element (or elements)|capacitive elements}} and terminals to case or earth. If not specified, the RMS value of the insulating voltage is equivalent to the rated voltage divided by a square root of 2.}}

{{term|interphase transformer}}
{{defn|An electromagnetic device enabling the operation in parallel of two or more phase displaced {{gli|commutating group|commutating groups}} through inductive coupling between the windings placed, on the same core.}}

{{term|inversion factor}}
{{defn|For inversion, the ratio of the fundamental output power to the DC power.}}

{{term|ideal no-load direct voltage}}
{{defn|The theoretical no-load direct voltage of an AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} assuming no reduction by {{gli|phase control}}, no [[threshold voltage|threshold voltages]] of electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}}, and no voltage rise at small loads.}}

{{term|idle interval (of a valve arm)}}
{{defn|That part of an elementary period in which the {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} does not conduct.}}

{{term|ionic valve device}}
{{term|filled valve device|multi=y}}
{{defn|An {{gli|electronic valve device}} in which the effects of the [[ionization]] of a gas play an important role.}}

{{term|[[Power inverter|(electronic) (power) inversion]]}}
{{defn|Electronic conversion from DC to AC}}

{{term|inverter}}
{{defn|AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for inversion.{{efn|In English, the two spellings "invertor" and "inverter" are in use, and both are correct. In this article, the spelling "inverter" is used in order to avoid duplications.}}}}
{{glossary end}}

== J ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|jumping characteristic}}
{{defn|The property of an equipment to jump from one characteristic to another, e.g. by changing the predetermined value of a stabilizing device.}}
{{glossary end}}

== L ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|latching valve device}}
{{defn|A {{gli|controllable valve device}} which latches when it is turned on, that means it remains in the on state when the trigger signal has ended.{{efn|Most latching valve devices can be turned off only by suppressing the current through the conducting path by external means.}}{{efn|A gate turn-off (GTO) thyristor is a latching valve device which can be turned off by a control signal.}}{{efn|A latching valve device may be reverse blocking or non-reverse blocking.}}}}

{{term|line commutation}}
{{defn|An external {{gli|commutation}} where the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is supplied by the line.}}

{{term|load commutation}}
{{defn|An external {{gli|commutation}} where the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is taken from a load other than the line.}}

{{term|lowest operating temperature (''θmin'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The lowest temperature at which the {{gli|capacitor}}may be energized.}}
{{glossary end}}

== M ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|[[Commutator (electric)|machine commutation]]}}
{{defn|External {{gli|commutation}} where the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is supplied by a rotating machine.}}{{term|maximum current (''Imax'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The maximum RMS current for continuous operation.}}{{term|maximum loss power (''Pmax'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The maximum loss power with which the {{gli|capacitor}} may be loaded at the maximum case temperature. }}{{term|maximum operating temperature (''θmax'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The highest temperature of the case at which {{gli|capacitor}} may be operated. }}{{term|maximum peak current (''i'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The maximum current amplitude which occurs instantaneously during continuous operation.}}{{term|maximum surge current (''is'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The admissible peak current induced by a switching or any other disturbance of the system which is allowed for a limited number of times.}}{{term|[[Film capacitor|metal-foil capacitor (non self-healing)]]}}
{{defn|A {{gli|capacitor}} in which the electrodes usually consist of metal foils separated by a dielectric, in the event of breakdown of the dielectric, the capacitor does not restore itself.}}{{term|model capacitor}}
{{defn|A smaller {{gli|capacitor unit (or unit)|unit}} which simulates a complete unit or element in an electrical test, without reducing the severity of the electrical, thermal or mechanical conditions.{{efn|The sum of stresses should always be considered, for instance, the sum of temperature, mechanical conditions and electrical stresses.}}}}

{{term|multi-connected converter}} 
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} consisting of two or more converter units parallel connected or series connected or both, each of which is an operative {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} of its own.}}

{{term|multiple connection (of commutating groups)}}
{{defn|A connection in which two or more identical {{gli|commutating group|commutating groups}} which do not commutate simultaneously are connected in such a way that their direct currents add.}}

{{term|multicycle control}}
{{defn|The process of varying the ratio of the number of cycles which include current conduction to the number of cycles in which no current conduction occurs.}}

{{term|multicycle control factor}}
{{defn|The ratio between the number of conducting cycles and the sum of conducting and non-conducting cycles in the case of multicycle control.}}
{{glossary end}}

== N ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|natural characteristic (of a line commutated converter)}}
{{defn|A characteristic determined only by the basic parts of the equipment, e.g. transformer and {{gli|electronic valve device|valve device}} assembly.}}

{{term|non-conducting direction (of an electronic valve device or of a valve arm)}}
{{defn|The reverse of the conducting direction.}}

{{term|non-controllable connection}}
{{defn|A uniform connection with all {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} non-controllable.}}

{{term|non-controllable valve device}}
{{term|[[Diode bridge|rectifier diode]]}}
{{defn|A {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} the current path of which conducts in its conducting direction without any [[Signaling (telecommunications)|control signal]] being applied.}}

{{term| non-recurrent surge voltage (''Us'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|A peak voltage induced by a switching or any other disturbance of the system which is allowed for a limited number of times and for durations shorter than the basic period.}}

{{term|non-reverse blocking valve device}}
{{defn|A {{gli|controllable valve device}} which is not capable of blocking any voltage of more than several volts in its non-conducting direction.{{efn|In certain power electronic circuits such valve devices require means to suppress any reverse voltages, e.g. inverse parallel connected non-controllable valve devices (rectifier diodes).}}}}

{{term|non-uniform connection}}
{{defn|A connection with both controllable and non-controllable {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}}.}}
{{glossary end}}

== O ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|off state}}
{{term|forward blocking state|multi=y}}
{{defn|The non-conducting state of a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices when load current in the conducting direction is not allowed to flow due to the absence of a turn-on signal.}}

{{term|on state}}
{{term|conducting state|multi=y}}
{{defn|The condition when conducting current flows through an {{gli|electronic valve device}} or an arm.}}

{{term|one-quadrant converter}}
{{defn|An AC/DC or {{gli|DC converter}} with one possible direction of DC power flow.}}

{{term|operating temperature (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The temperature of the hottest point on the 
case of the {{gli|capacitor}} in thermal equilibrium.}}

{{term|overpressure disconnector}}
{{defn|A disconnecting device designed to interrupt the current path in the case of abnormal increase of the internal pressure.}}
{{glossary end}}

== P ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|pair of antiparallel arms}}
{{defn|Two valve arms in parallel with opposite conducting directions.}}

{{term|pair of arms}}
{{defn|Two series connected valve arms with the same conducting direction.}}

{{term|parallel operation}}
{{defn|A mode of operation of stabilized power supplies in which all similar output terminals are connected together and arranged so that the total load is shared by all the supplies.}}

{{term|phase control factor}}
{{defn|In the case of {{gli|phase control}}, the ratio of the voltage at prevailing current delay angle to the voltage at zero current delay angle, all voltage drops being assumed to be zero.}}

{{term|[[phase converter]]}}
{{defn|An {{gli|AC converter}} for changing the number of phases.}}

{{term|[[Phase-fired controller|phase control]]}}
{{defn|The process of varying the instant within the cycle at which current conduction in an {{gli|electronic valve device}} or a {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} begins.}} 

{{term|power electronic capacitor}}
{{defn|A power capacitor intended to be used in power electronic equipment and capable of operating continuously under non-sinusoidal current or voltage.}}

{{term|[[power electronics]]}}
{{defn|The field of electronics which deals with the conversion or switching of [[electric power]] with or without control of that power.}}

{{term|principal arm}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} involved in the major transfer of power from one side of the {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} or electronic switch to the other.{{efn|Depending on the mode of operation a principal arm may act as an auxiliary arm or vice versa.}}}}

{{term|pulse control}}
{{defn|The process of varying the starting or termination instants or both of a repeated current conduction in a principal arm.}}

{{term|pulse control factor}}
{{defn|The conduction ratio of a {{gli|principal arm}} in the case of pulse duration control, assuming the commutation inductance to be zero.}}

{{term|pulse frequency (''fp'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The repetition rate of periodic current pulses.}}

{{term|[[Pulse-frequency modulation|pulse frequency control]]}}
{{defn|Pulse control at variable frequency and fixed pulse duration.}}

{{term|[[Pulse-frequency modulation|pulse frequency control]]}}
{{defn|Pulse control at variable frequency and fixed pulse duration.}}

{{term|pulse number}}
{{defn|The number of non-simultaneous symmetrical direct or indirect {{gli|commutation|commutations}} from one {{gli|principal arm}} to another which occur during one elementary period.}}

{{term|[[Pulse-width modulation|pulse width modulation control]]}}
{{term|PWM control (abbreviation)|multi=y}}
{{defn|Pulse control in which the pulse width or frequency or both are modulated within each fundamental period to produce a certain output waveform.}}
{{glossary end}}

== Q ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|quenching}}
{{defn|The termination of current flow in an arm without {{gli|commutation}}.}}

{{term|quenching voltage}} 
{{defn|The voltage which causes quenching of the current.}}
{{glossary end}}

== R ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|reactive power converter}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for reactive power compensation that generates or consumes reactive power without the flow of active power except for the power losses in the {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}}.}}

{{term|rated AC voltage (''Un'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The maximum operating peak recurrent voltage of either polarity of a reversing type waveform for which the {{gli|capacitor}} has been designed.{{efn|The waveform can have many shapes — An example is given in Fig. 1.}}{{efn|The mean value of the waveform may be positive or negative.}}{{efn|It is important to note that the nominal voltage is not a RMS value.}}}}

{{term|rated DC voltage (''Un'') (capacitor)}}
{{defn|The maximum operating peak voltage of either polarity but of a non-reversing type wave form, for which the {{gli|capacitor}} has been designed, for continuous operation.}}

{{term|real no-load direct voltage}}
{{defn|The actual mean direct voltage at zero direct current.}}

{{term|[[Rectifier|(electronic) (power) rectification]]}}
{{defn|{{gli|(electronic) (power) conversion|Electronic conversion}} from AC to DC}}

{{term|rectification factor}}
{{defn|For rectification, the ratio of the DC power to the fundamental input power.}}

{{term|[[rectifier]]}} 
{{defn|An AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} for rectification.}}

{{term|regenerative arm}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(valve) arm|valve arm}} which transfers a part of the power from the load side to the source side.}}

{{term|(electronic) (power) resistance control}}
{{defn|Control using the continuous variation of the resistance of electronic devices.}}

{{term|resistive direct voltage regulation}}
{{defn|The direct voltage regulation due to resistance (threshold voltages of electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} excluded).}}

{{term|[[resonant converter]]}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} using (a) resonant circuit(s) to provide {{gli|commutation}} or to reduce {{ill|switching loss|lt=switching losses|de|Schaltverluste}}.}}

{{term|[[resonant frequency|resonant frequency (''fr'') (capacitor)]]}}
{{defn|The lowest frequency at which the [[Electrical impedance|impedance]] of 
the {{gli|capacitor}} becomes minimum. }}

{{term|reversible converter}}
{{defn|A {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} in which the direction of the power flow is reversible.}}

{{term|reverse blocking state}}
{{defn|the non-conducting state of a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices when reverse voltage is applied between its main terminals (electrodes).}}

{{term|reverse blocking valve device}}
{{defn|A {{gli|electronic valve device|valve device}} which is capable of blocking a specified direct voltage applied in its non-conducting direction.}}

{{term|reverse breakdown}}
{{defn|A failure that permanently deprives a {{gli|reverse blocking valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices of its property to block reverse voltage.}}

{{term|[[Ripple (electrical)|ripple voltage (on the DC side)]]}}
{{defn|The peak-to-peak alternating voltage component of the voltage on the DC side of a {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}}.}}
{{glossary end}}

== S ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|slave operation}}
{{defn|A mode of operation of stabilized power supplies achieving coordinated control of interconnected stabilized supplies by setting the master supply alone.}}

{{term|self-commutation}}
{{defn|A {{gli|commutation}} where the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is supplied by components within the {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} or the electronic switch.}}

{{term|self-healing metallized dielectric capacitor}}
{{defn|A {{gli|capacitor}}, the electrodes of which are deposited on the dielectric (usually by evaporation); in the event of breakdown of the dielectric, the capacitor restores itself.}}

{{term|semiconductor converter}}
{{defn|An {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|power converter}} with semiconductor valve devices.{{efn|Similar terms are used for converters in general or for specific kinds of converters and for converters with other or specific electronic valve devices, e.g. thyristor converter, transistor inverter.}}}}

{{term|semiconductor switch}}
{{defn|An electronic power switch with semiconductor valve devices.{{efn|Similar terms are used for electronic switches or power controllers with specific electronic valve devices, e.g. thyristor controller, transistor switch.}}}}

{{term|semiconductor valve device}}
{{defn|An {{gli|electronic valve device}} which is a semiconductor device.}}

{{term|sequential phase control}}
{{defn|Asymmetrical {{gli|phase control}} such that the delay angles are determined according to a given sequence.}}

{{term|single converter}}
{{defn|A current stiff reversible AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} with direct current in one direction.}}

{{term|single-way connection (of a converter)}}
{{defn|A converter connection such that the current through each of the phase terminals of the AC circuit is unidirectional.}}

{{term|[[Snubber|snubber (circuit)]]}}
{{defn|A subcircuit connected to one or more electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} in order to relieve it (them) of stress as for instance overvoltage transients, switching losses, high rate of rise of current or voltage, etc.{{efn|Specific terms as for instance RC snubber, parallel snubber, AC side snubber, etc. are in use.}}}}

{{term|stabilized current characteristic}}
{{defn|A characteristic with a stabilized output current.}}

{{term|stabilized output characteristic}}
{{defn|A forced characteristic with an output quantity which is stabilized with respect to changes of influence quantities.}}

{{term|stabilized voltage characteristic}}
{{defn|A characteristic with a stabilized output voltage.}}

{{term|stabilization}}
{{defn|In the field of power electronics the reduction of the effect of changes of influence quantities on the output quantity.}}

{{term|[[Regulated power supply|stabilized power supply]]}}
{{defn|In the field of power electronics an equipment which takes electrical energy from a source and supplies it stabilized by means inside the equipment to one or more pairs of output terminals.}}

{{term|stage (of a series connection)}}
{{defn|A part of a series connection of two or more converter connections consisting of one or more parallel connected converter connections.}}

{{term|steady-state condition (capacitor)}}
{{defn|Thermal equilibrium attained by the capacitor at constant output and at constant cooling-air temperature. }}

{{term|symmetrical phase control}}
{{defn|{{gli|Phase control}} with equal delay angles in all {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} of a fully controllable converter connection or {{gli|commutating group}}.}}

{{term|switched valve device}}
{{defn|A {{gli|controllable valve device}} which may be turned on and off by a control signal.}}
{{glossary end}}

== T ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|tangent of the loss angle (tanδ) of a capacitor }}
{{defn|The ratio between the equivalent series resistance and the capacitive reactance of a {{gli|capacitor}} at specified sinusoidal alternating voltage and frequency. }}{{term|[[Threshold voltage|threshold voltage (of an electronic valve device)]]}}
{{defn|The value of the voltage obtained at the intersection of the voltage axis and the straight line approximation of the on-state characteristic of an {{gli|electronic valve device}}.}}

{{term|transfer factor (of a DC converter)}}
{{defn|The ratio of the voltage on the load side and the voltage on the source side.}}

{{term|transition current}}
{{defn|The mean direct current of a converter connection when the direct current(s) of the {{gli|commutation}} group(s) become(s) intermittent when decreasing the current.}}

{{term|trigger advance angle}}
{{defn|The time expressed in angular measure by which the trigger pulse is advanced with respect to the reference instant.{{efn|With line, machine or load commutated converters the reference instant is the zero crossing instant of the commutating voltage.}}}}

{{term|trigger delay angle}}
{{defn|The time expressed in angular measure by which the trigger pulse is delayed with respect to the reference instant in the case of {{gli|phase control}}.{{efn|With line, machine or load commutated converters the reference instant is the zero crossing instant of the commutating voltage. With AC controllers it is the zero crossing instant of the supply voltage. For AC controllers with inductive loads the trigger delay angle is the sum of the phase shift and the current delay angle.}}}}

{{term|triggering}}
{{defn|The control action to achieve firing of a {{gli|latching valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices.}}

{{term|tolerance band}}
{{defn|With stabilized power supplies the range of steady-state values of a stabilized output quantity lying between specified limits of deviation from a preset value, e.g. a nominal value.}}

{{term|total direct voltage regulation}}
{{defn|The direct voltage regulation including the effect of the AC system impedance.}}

{{term|[[Total harmonic distortion|total harmonic distortion THD]]}}
{{defn|The ratio of the rms value of the harmonic content of an alternating quantity to the rms value of the fundamental component of the quantity.}}

{{term|turn-off arm}}
{{defn|An {{gli|auxiliary arm}} which temporarily takes over the current directly from a conducting valve arm, consisting of one or more latching {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} which cannot be turned off by a control signal.}}

{{term|two-quadrant converter}}
{{defn|An AC/DC or {{gli|DC converter}} with two possible directions of DC power flow associated with one direction of direct current and two directions of direct voltage or vice versa.}}
{{glossary end}}

== U ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|uniform connection}}
{{defn|A connection with either all {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} controllable or all {{gli|principal arm|principal arms}} non-controllable.}}
{{glossary end}}

== V ==
{{glossary}}
{{term|[[Valve hall|valve device assembly]]}}
{{defn|An electrically and mechanically combined assembly of electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} or stacks, complete with all its connections and auxiliaries in its own mechanical structure.{{efn|Similar terms are applied to stacks or assemblies comprising specific electronic valve devices, e.g. diode stack (rectifier diodes only), thyristor assembly (thyristors only or in combination with rectifier diodes).}}}}

{{term|valve device blocking}}
{{defn|An operation to prevent further turn-on of a {{gli|controllable valve device}} or an arm consisting of such devices by inhibiting the control signals.}}

{{term|valve device commutation}}
{{defn|A method of self-commutation in which the {{gli|commutating voltage}} is created by turning off the conducting {{gli|electronic valve device}} by a control signal.{{efn|Simultaneously the next electronic valve device to conduct is turned on.}}}}

{{term|valve device quenching}}
{{defn|A method of quenching in which the quenching is performed by the {{gli|electronic valve device}} itself.}}

{{term|[[Valve hall|valve device stack]]}}
{{defn|A single structure of one or more electronic {{gli|electronic valve device|valve devices}} with its (their) associated mounting(s) and auxiliaries if any.}}


{{term|voltage stiff AC/DC converter}}
{{defn|An electronic AC/DC {{gli|(electronic) (power) converter|converter}} having an essentially smooth voltage on the DC side provided e.g. by a low impedance path for the harmonic currents.}}

{{term|1=voltage source inverter}}
{{term|1=[[Induction heater#The voltage-fed inverter|voltage fed inverter]] |multi=y}}
{{defn|A voltage stiff {{gli|(electronic) (power) inversion|inverter}}.}}
{{glossary end}}

== Overview of electronic power converters ==

[[File:Electronic power converters.svg|none|thumb|700x700px|Examples of basic electronic power converters.]]

== See also ==
* [[Glossary of engineering]]
* [[Glossary of civil engineering]]
* [[Glossary of mechanical engineering]]
* [[Glossary of structural engineering]]

== Notes ==
{{notes}}

== References ==

=== Attribution ===
{{Source-attribution|{{cite book |title=IS 1885-27: Electrotechnical vocabulary |year=2008 |publisher=New Delhi, [[Bureau of Indian Standards]]|series=27}}}}

{{Source-attribution|{{cite book |title=IS 13648: Power electronics capacitors |year=1993 |publisher=New Delhi, [[Bureau of Indian Standards]]}}}}

== External links ==

=== Websites ===

* [http://www.electropedia.org/ Online Electrotechnical Vocabulary]
* [https://electricalschool.org/glossary/ A Glossary of Electrical Terms]
* [https://electronicspani.com/electronic-terminology/ Electronic Terminology]
* [https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/workshop/learning-center/glossary.html Electronics Glossary]
* [https://www.hobbyprojects.com/dictionary/electronics-terms.html Glossary / Dictionary of Electronics Terms]

=== PDFs ===

* [https://www.sitrain.us/PDF/quickSTEPGlossary.pdf Pictorial Glossary]
* [http://ee.sharif.edu/~lcsl/useful/Electrical%20Engineering%20Dictionary.pdf Electrical Engineering Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413101831/http://ee.sharif.edu/~lcsl/useful/Electrical%20Engineering%20Dictionary.pdf |date=2021-04-13 }}
{{Engineering fields}}{{Glossaries of science and engineering}}
[[Category:Electrical engineering]]
[[Category:Electronic engineering]]
[[Category:Glossaries of science|Power electronics]]
[[Category:Glossaries of technology|Power electronics]]
[[Category:Power electronics]]
[[Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists]]