View source for Ent-kaurene synthase

{{infobox enzyme
| Name       = ''ent''-kaurene synthase
| EC_number  = 4.2.3.19
| CAS_number = 9055-64-5
| GO_code    = 0009899
| image      =
| width      = 
| caption    =  
}}
The [[enzyme]] '''''ent''-kaurene synthase''' (EC 4.2.3.19) [[catalysis|catalyzes]] the [[chemical reaction]]

:''ent''-copalyl diphosphate <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> ''ent''-kaurene + diphosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of [[lyase]]s, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates.  The [[List of enzymes|systematic name]] of this enzyme class is '''''ent''-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, ''ent''-kaurene-forming)'''. Other names in common use include '''''ent''-kaurene synthase B''', '''''ent''-kaurene synthetase B, ''ent''-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase''', and '''(cyclizing)'''.  This enzyme participates in [[diterpenoid biosynthesis]].

==In ''Stevia''==
In ''[[Stevia]]'' spp., ''ent''-kaurene synthase is a required part of the [[biosynthesis]] of [[steviol]].<ref name="Zhou-et-al-2021">{{cite journal | last1=Zhou | first1=Xuan | last2=Gong | first2=Mengyue | last3=Lv | first3=Xueqin | last4=Liu | first4=Yanfeng | last5=Li | first5=Jianghua | last6=Du | first6=Guocheng | last7=Liu | first7=Long | title=Metabolic engineering for the synthesis of steviol glycosides: current status and future prospects | journal=[[Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology]] | publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] | volume=105 | issue=13 | year=2021 | issn=0175-7598 | doi=10.1007/s00253-021-11419-3 | pages=5367–5381}}</ref><ref name="Hajihashemi-2021">{{cite book | last=Hajihashemi | first=Shokoofeh | title=Steviol Glycosides | chapter=Agronomic practices | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | year=2021 | doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-820060-5.00002-9 | pages=31–56}}</ref> Hajihashemi ''et al.'', 2013 find that it is involved in the drought stress response and {{ndash}} because it mimics drought stress {{endash}} [[paclobutrazol]] toxicity.<ref name="Zhou-et-al-2021" /><ref name="Hajihashemi-2021" /> Both inhbit [[gene transcription|transcription]] of [[steviol glycoside]] synthesis genes including ''ent''-kaurene synthase.<ref name="Zhou-et-al-2021" /><ref name="Hajihashemi-2021" /> This is believed to reduce steviol content in the final plant product.<ref name="Zhou-et-al-2021" /><ref name="Hajihashemi-2021" />

==References==
{{reflist|1}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Fall RR, West CA | date = 1971 | title = Purification and properties of kaurene synthetase from ''Fusarium moniliforme'' | journal = J. Biol. Chem.  | volume = 246 | pages = 6913&ndash;28  | pmid = 4331199 | issue = 22 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi S, Saito T, Abe H, Yamane H, Murofushi N, Kamiya Y | date = 1996 | title = Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme ent-kaurene synthase B from pumpkin (''Cucurbita maxima'' L.) | journal = Plant J.  | volume = 10 | pages = 203&ndash;13  | pmid = 8771778 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10020203.x | issue = 2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kawaide H, Imai R, Sassa T, Kamiya Y | date = 1997 | title = Ent-kaurene synthase from the fungus ''Phaeosphaeria'' sp. L487. cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of a bifunctional diterpene cyclase in fungal gibberellin biosynthesis | journal = J. Biol. Chem.  | volume = 272 | pages = 21706&ndash;12  | pmid = 9268298 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.35.21706 | issue = 35 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | author = W, Sassa T | date = 2000 | title = Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding ent-kaurene synthase from ''Gibberella fujikuroi'': functional analysis of a bifunctional diterpene cyclase | journal = Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.  | volume = 64 | pages = 660&ndash;4  | pmid = 10803977 | doi = 10.1271/bbb.64.660 | last2 = Kawaide | first2 = H | last3 = Ishizaki | first3 = A | last4 = Shinoda | first4 = S | last5 = Otsuka | first5 = M | last6 = Mitsuhashi | first6 = W | last7 = Sassa | first7 = T | issue = 3 | doi-access = free }}

{{Carbon-oxygen lyases}}
{{Enzymes}}
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[[Category:EC 4.2.3]]
[[Category:Enzymes of unknown structure]]


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