View source for Draft:Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics

{{AFC submission|d|e|u=Msamarawickrama|ns=118|decliner=DoubleGrazing|declinets=20240714080334|reject=yes|ts=20240714073954}} <!-- Do not remove this line! -->
{{AFC submission|d|nn|u=Msamarawickrama|ns=118|decliner=Cabrils|declinets=20240711024509|small=yes|ts=20240711022917}} <!-- Do not remove this line! -->

{{AFC comment|1=We don't publish original research. [[User:DoubleGrazing|DoubleGrazing]] ([[User talk:DoubleGrazing|talk]]) 08:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC)}}

{{AFC comment|1=See [[WP:NOR]]. [[User:Cabrils|Cabrils]] ([[User talk:Cabrils|talk]]) 02:45, 11 July 2024 (UTC)}}

----

{{Short description|Consciousness-based peer-reviewed research for unifying causation, relativity, and quantum mechanics}}
{{Draft topics|physics}}
{{AfC topic|stem}}

[[Quantum physics]] and [[gravity]] are two distinct concepts that have proven challenging to unify into a single framework. While [[electromagnetism]], the [[weak nuclear force]], and the [[strong nuclear force]] have been unified under the framework of [[quantum field theory]], gravity remains elusive and has not been unified with [[quantum mechanics]]. Gravity is accurately described by the [[theory of relativity]], which does not align with quantum physics. According to the framework proposed by [[Mahendra Samarawickrama]], this difficulty arises due to the absence of a [[consciousness]] dimension in the mathematical frameworks of fundamental physics, which he argues can explain the causation of gravity, quantum mechanics, and reality.

Samarawickrama's framework attempts to integrate the consciousness dimension with the mathematical frameworks of fundamental physics to unify [[Quantum physics]] and [[gravity]]..<ref name="Samarawickrama2023">{{cite journal |last=Samarawickrama |first=Mahendra |date=September 2023 |title=Unifying matter, energy and consciousness |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |series=11th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences |volume=2872 |issue=1 |pages=110001 |doi=10.1063/5.0162815|bibcode=2023AIPC.2872k0001S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Mahendra Samarawickrama |title=Mathematical Modeling of Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=2701 |issue=1 |year=2024 |pages=012051 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012051|bibcode=2024JPhCS2701a2051S }}</ref>

== History and Background ==
Understanding reality and natural behaviour involves the concept of [[Causality|causation]], which plays a crucial role. Some believe causation is [[Unification of theories in physics|fundamental]], while others argue it is derivative or a construct. [[David Hume]] and [[Simon Blackburn]] suggested that causation is composed by the human [[mind]] in response to regularities in nature, viewing it as a human construct that depends on the [[Law of nature|laws of nature]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Simon Blackburn |title=Hume and Thick Connexions |journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research |volume=50 |year=1990 |pages=237–250 |doi=10.2307/2108041 |jstor=2108041 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2108041}}</ref> Conversely, [[Richard Swinburne]] argues that causation is a fundamental aspect of reality, not explainable by other constructs.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Richard Swinburne |title=The Irreducibility of Causation |journal=Dialectica |volume=51 |number=1 |year=1997 |pages=79–92 |jstor=42970707 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42970707}}</ref> [[Robin Le Poidevin]] also describes causation as primitive, stating that time is derived from change and is related to [[Causality|cause and effect]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robin Le Poidevin |title=Time Without Change (in Three Steps) |journal=American Philosophical Quarterly |volume=47 |number=2 |year=2010 |pages=171–180 |jstor=40606894 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40606894}}</ref> [[Huw Price]], however, argues that the laws of physics do not explain the direction of time and that [[Retrocausality|backward causality]] is possible.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Huw Price |title=Backward Causation and the Direction of Causal Processes: Reply to Dowe |journal=Mind |volume=105 |number=419 |year=1996 |pages=467–474 |doi=10.1093/mind/105.419.467 |jstor=2254831 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2254831}}</ref>

In physics, time is viewed as a basis for the progression of states from past to future. [[Newtonian physics]] posits an absolute time independent of the observer, flowing consistently throughout the universe.<ref>{{cite book |author=Isaac Newton |title=Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica |publisher=Royal Society |year=1687 |url=http://royalsociety.org}}</ref> Later, [[Einstein]]'s theory of relativity showed that time is relative to the observer, with the speed of light being constant for any reference frame.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Albert Einstein |title=Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=322 |number=10 |year=1905 |pages=891–921 |doi=10.1002/andp.19053221004|bibcode=1905AnP...322..891E }}</ref> Time emerges from the awareness of change, which underpins causation, implying cause and effect following the laws of [[thermodynamics]]. The [[second law of thermodynamics]] states that the total entropy of a process will not decrease, giving a physical meaning to the direction of time, often called the [[arrow of time]]. Relativity introduces the concept of the observer's awareness affecting the perception of time, bringing consciousness into the picture.

Both physical and neural/mental states are important for understanding causation. The idea of [[mental causation]], or the mind's causal interaction with the physical world and behaviour, is an established philosophy. About 2500 years ago, the [[Buddha]] stated that the mind underpins causation and is supreme, referring to causation as [[paticca-samuppada]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Rerukane Chandawimala Thero |title=Pattana Maha Pakarana Sannaya |year=1997 |publisher=Sri Chandavimala Darmapustaka Mandalaya}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Suwisi Pratya: Pattana Prakarana |year=2006 |publisher=Abhidhamma Pritaka, Buddha Jayanthi Tipitaka Series}}</ref> [[Walter Sinnott-Armstrong]] argues that physical or neural states cannot exist without mental terminology, describing different levels of causation.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Walter Sinnott-Armstrong |title=Contrastive Mental Causation |journal=Synthese |volume=198 |year=2019 |pages=861–883 |doi=10.1007/s11229-019-02506-0}}</ref>

In both relativity and quantum mechanics, the observer and awareness are discussed. Relativity considers the notion of time in causation as relativistic, depending on speed and gravity.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Albert Einstein |title=Zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences |volume=1915 |pages=778-786, 799-801}}</ref> Quantum mechanics, however, imposes limitations on the awareness of the physical world. According to [[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]], it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Werner Heisenberg |title=Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik |journal=Zeitschrift für Physik |volume=43 |number=3–4 |year=1927 |pages=172–198 |doi=10.1007/BF01397280|bibcode=1927ZPhy...43..172H }}</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] suggested that consciousness interacts with causation at the quantum level, causing the collapse of the wave function to experience quantum reality.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eugene P. Wigner |title=Remarks on the Mind-Body Question |year=1961 |publisher=Heineman |editor=I. J. Good}}</ref> Recent discoveries suggest that awareness can be faster than light, exceeding physical limitations through [[quantum entanglement]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, N. Rosen |title=Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? |journal=Physical Review |volume=47 |number=10 |year=1935 |pages=777–780 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.47.777|bibcode=1935PhRv...47..777E }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=J. S. Bell |title=On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox |journal=Physics Physique Fizika |volume=1 |number=3 |year=1964 |pages=195–200 |doi=10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Bas Hensen, H. Bernien, A. E. Dréau, A. Reiserer, N. Kalb, M. S. Blok, J. Ruitenberg, R. F. L. Vermeulen, R. N. Schouten, C. Abellán, W. Amaya, V. Pruneri, M. W. Mitchell, M. Markham, D. J. Twitchen, D. Elkouss, S. Wehner, T. H. Taminiau, R. Hanson |title=Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres |journal=Nature |volume=526 |year=2015 |issue=7575 |pages=682–686 |doi=10.1038/nature15759|pmid=26503041 |arxiv=1508.05949 |bibcode=2015Natur.526..682H }}</ref> Consequently, some scholars now hypothesise consciousness as fundamental.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Steve Paulson, Donald D. Hoffman, Suzanne O'Sullivan |title=Reality is not as it seems |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1458 |number=1 |year=2019 |pages=44–64 |doi=10.1111/nyas.14194|pmid=31493298 |bibcode=2019NYASA1458...44P }}</ref>

The causation of consciousness remains a contemporary research topic. Some believe consciousness is caused by brain function. [[Roger Penrose]] initially suggested that consciousness does not correlate with the brain’s neural function, arguing that a large portion of brain neurons do not contribute to consciousness.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roger Penrose |title=The Emperor's New Mind |journal=RSA Journal |volume=139 |number=5420 |year=1991 |pages=506–514 |jstor=41378098 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41378098}}</ref> Later, Penrose supported the hypothesis that consciousness emerges from quantum vibrations in [[microtubules]] inside brain neurons.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stuart Hameroff, Roger Penrose |title=Consciousness in the universe: A review of the 'Orch OR' theory |journal=Physics of Life Reviews |volume=11 |number=1 |year=2014 |pages=39–78 |doi=10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002|pmid=24070914 |bibcode=2014PhLRv..11...39H }}</ref> This idea may unify consciousness with neuroscience and quantum mechanics. In contrast, [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) has achieved significant developments related to human cognitive functions by imitating the brain’s neural computation.<ref>{{cite conference |author=Geoffrey E. Hinton |title=What Kind of a Graphical Model is the Brain? |year=2005 |conference=Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence |pages=1765–1775 |location=Edinburgh, Scotland |series=IJCAI'05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Geoffrey E. Hinton, Simon Osindero, Yee-Whye Teh |title=A Fast Learning Algorithm for Deep Belief Nets |journal=Neural Computation |volume=18 |number=7 |year=2006 |pages=1527–1554 |doi=10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527|pmid=16764513 }}</ref> [[Johnjoe McFadden]] posits that consciousness is underpinned by the brain’s energy field, suggesting that [[electromagnetic field|electromagnetic energy]] correlates with consciousness and reality.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Johnjoe McFadden |title=Integrating information in the brain's EM field: the cemi field theory of consciousness |journal=Neuroscience of Consciousness |volume=2020 |number=1 |year=2020 |pages=niaa016 |doi=10.1093/nc/niaa016|pmid=32995043 |pmc=7507405 }}</ref>

The [[hard problem of consciousness]], articulated by [[David Chalmers|Chalmers]], explores how perceptions or subjective experiences map onto objective measurements like neural activities in the brain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=David Chalmers |title=Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |volume=2 |number=3 |year=1995 |pages=200–19 |publisher=Imprint Academic}}</ref> [[Neuroscience]], [[cognitive model]]s, and [[neural correlates of consciousness]] attempt to understand how perception and consciousness form in the brain. However, the observable reality constitutes only about 5%, with the rest being [[dark matter]] and [[dark energy]], which interact with reality but cannot be observed. Proof of [[non-locality|non-local]] reality suggests that awareness exceeds physical limitations like the speed of light. Awareness of dark matter, dark energy, and non-local reality might require extending consciousness beyond sensory perception.

== Framework for Unifying Quantum Physics and Gravity ==
[[Mahendra Samarawickrama]]'s work<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mahendra Samarawickrama |title=Mathematical Modeling of Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=2701 |issue=1 |year=2024 |pages=012051 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012051|bibcode=2024JPhCS2701a2051S }}</ref> makes several significant contributions:
# It explains [[consciousness]] and change as fundamentals of reality underpinning [[Causality|causation]], conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, quantum mechanics, and other constructs.
# It describes how awareness emerges through consciousness and change, bringing experiences of cause and effect or causation.
# It illustrates how preserved awareness maintains integrity in experiences of reality, causing conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, quantum mechanics, and other constructs.
# It unifies relativity and quantum mechanics based on consciousness and change, introducing a consciousness dimension in relativity to understand uncertainty.
# It explains gravity as preserved awareness near mass, integrating consciousness and change.

Samarawickrama previously proposed that consciousness is fundamental in the universe, creating reality.<ref name="Samarawickrama2023">{{cite journal |last=Samarawickrama |first=Mahendra |date=September 2023 |title=Unifying matter, energy and consciousness |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |series=11th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences |volume=2872 |issue=1 |pages=110001 |doi=10.1063/5.0162815|bibcode=2023AIPC.2872k0001S }}</ref> He suggested:
# Consciousness is a [[Causality|sequential process]] relating to a single state of reality at a given instant, underpinning awareness when the process continues.
# The consciousness cycle is the [[Planck time|shortest duration]] for an observer to be aware of the change of reality.
# Consciousness constructs [[space-time]] based on awareness.
# Consciousness interacts with [[Mass–energy equivalence|energy and matter]], transforming consciousness [[photon]] energy into consciousness particles, [[Energy–momentum relation|conserving energy and momentum]].
# Consciousness correlates with relativity, with both time and consciousness [[Time dilation|dilating]] when the observer moves.
# Consciousness correlates with quantum mechanics, behaving according to [[Wave–particle duality|wave-particle duality]].

This idea is mathematically expressed as:
<math>
hf_\mu = \frac{m_\mu}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}c^2,
</math>
where <math>m_\mu</math> is the rest mass of the consciousness particle, <math>h</math> is the [[Planck constant]], <math>c</math> is the [[Speed of light|speed of electromagnetic waves]], <math>v</math> is the speed of the consciousness particle, and <math>f_\mu</math> is the frequency of the consciousness wave. This equation unifies [[matter]], [[energy]], and [[consciousness]]. [[Time]] is not a fundamental dimension but a derivation of consciousness and change. The established idea of [[time dilation]] in relativity:
<math>
\Delta t = \frac{\Delta t_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}},
</math>
was used to understand the dilated period of consciousness <math>T_v</math> based on the rest period of consciousness <math>T_0</math>:
<math>
T_v = \frac{T_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}},
</math>
where <math>v</math> is the speed of the observer. The dilation of consciousness causes the time dilation effect in causation. The frequency of consciousness <math>f_\mu</math> is expressed as:
<math>
f_\mu = \frac{1}{T_0} = \frac{1}{T_v\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}},
</math>
defining the cycle of consciousness <math>T_v</math> as the shortest duration to be aware of the change of reality by an observer. Thus, only consciousness and change are fundamental, while time is a perception based on awareness underpinned by consciousness and change.

In physics, four fundamental forces govern interactions between particles: [[gravity]], [[electromagnetism]], the [[weak nuclear force]], and the [[strong nuclear force]]. Three of these forces (electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force) have been unified under [[quantum field theory]], but gravity remains ununified with quantum mechanics. Samarawickrama's consciousness-based mathematical model of reality unifies relativity and quantum mechanics, aiding in understanding the causation of gravity within the existing frameworks. Samarawickrama posits:
# Only consciousness and change are the fundamentals of reality underpinning awareness.
# Reality behaves to preserve awareness, causing the integrity of the experience.
# Gravity is a perception in awareness caused by consciousness and change.

As illustrated in Figure 1, reality behaves in a way that preserves awareness. That is the cause of the invariance of the speed of light in all uniformly moving reference frames, as postulated in special relativity. Further, space-time is a construct of awareness that is preserved in reality, complementing the constructs of conservation of energy and momentum, relativity, and quantum mechanics.

== Understanding Consciousness and Change as Fundamental Principles ==
Consciousness is fundamental, underpinning [[heterogeneity]], [[Quantum mechanics|discreteness]], [[Causality|causation]], [[time]], and [[memory]]. Samarawickrama explained how consciousness interplays with matter and energy, conserving energy and momentum. Consciousness creates matter, maintaining integrity between consciousness and reality. While everything is an effect of consciousness, not everything has consciousness. However, everything changes, so change is fundamental. Consciousness can be considered the fundamental cause, and change is the fundamental characteristic of reality. Consciousness is a sequential process relating to a single state of reality at a given instant, underpinning awareness when the process continues. [[Awareness]], [[Causality|causation]], [[correlation]], [[space-time]], and [[Scientific law|laws of nature]] emerge through this consciousness process, which is [[Irreversible process|irreversible]], making [[Retrocausality|backward causation]] impossible.

== Understanding Consciousness and Change as the Foundation of Fundamental Physics ==
Fundamental physics is understood through [[Theory of relativity|relativity]] or [[quantum physics]], two frameworks that do not complement each other. Relativity explains reality based on the interaction of mass and energy in [[space-time]], where position and momentum are certain. Quantum mechanics, however, is needed to explain reality at smaller scales, introducing [[uncertainty]] related to the observer's consciousness and the complexity of phenomena. [[Uncertainty principle|Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]] describes the impossibility of knowing multiple physical quantities with perfect accuracy at the quantum scale. Awareness, limited by consciousness, brings uncertainty, emerging at the quantum scale. [[Time]] is a construct based on the awareness of change. [[Homogeneous]] environments without external change result in no experience of passing time or space boundaries, as perceived by consciousness. [[Self-awareness]], unique to life forms, emerges from consciousness, enabling experiences of change without external awareness. [[Space-time]] and [[observations]] are relativistic experiences based on consciousness and change, modelled by Einstein's [[Theory of relativity|relativity]].

Samarawickrama's previous work mapped the dimension of time into consciousness,<ref name="Samarawickrama2023">{{cite journal |last=Samarawickrama |first=Mahendra |date=September 2023 |title=Unifying matter, energy and consciousness |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |series=11th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences |volume=2872 |issue=1 |pages=110001 |doi=10.1063/5.0162815|bibcode=2023AIPC.2872k0001S }}</ref> unifying relativity and quantum physics. This unification, expressed by the equation <math>hf_\mu = \frac{m_\mu}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}c^2</math>, models the interplay of consciousness, matter, and energy, creating reality. Space-time, energy, and matter are not mutually exclusive from consciousness, maintaining the integrity of reality and life, the fundamental principle of causation.

== Understanding Gravity Through the Lens of Consciousness ==
[[Gravity]] is a unique experience in reality. [[Theory of relativity|Relativity]] describes gravity as the bending of space-time near mass, but does not explain its causation. Samarawickrama's model replaces the concept of time with awareness, as time emerges through the consciousness of an event. This replacement introduces uncertainty into relativity, unifying relativity and quantum mechanics to understand [[quantum gravity]].

In [[special relativity]], awareness is preserved, with the number of consciousness cycles, [[atomic clock]] cycles, and pages read remaining consistent regardless of the spaceship's speed (Figure 2). In general relativity, preserved awareness causes the reader to move in a curved space-time near mass, maintaining consistent consciousness cycles, [[atomic clock]] cycles, and pages read (Figure 3).

== Consciousness and the Governance of Reality: Exploring the Connection ==
[[Consciousness]] and [[change]] are fundamentals of [[reality]], governing [[causation]] and creating the perception of [[awareness]] and [[time]]. Awareness emerges from consciousness, preserving the integrity of conscious experiences. Replacing time with consciousness explains the causation of relativity and gravity, integrating consciousness and change. This approach unifies relativity with quantum mechanics, establishing consciousness as a common base for understanding nature.

== Attribution ==
* {{cite journal |ref=none |author=Mahendra Samarawickrama |title=Mathematical Modeling of Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=2701 |issue=1 |year=2024 |pages=012051 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012051|bibcode=2024JPhCS2701a2051S }} {{CC-notice|cc=by3}}

* {{cite journal |ref=none |last=Samarawickrama |first=Mahendra |date=September 2023 |title=Unifying matter, energy and consciousness |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |series=11th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences |volume=2872 |issue=1 |pages=110001 |doi=10.1063/5.0162815 |bibcode=2023AIPC.2872k0001S |url=https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0162815}} {{CC-notice |cc=by4}}

==See also==
{{portal|Physics}}
* [[Theory of everything|The Theory of Everything]]
* [https://www.mindcausation.com Unifying Consciousness, Causation, Reality and Physics]
* [[Quantum gravity]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}