View source for Brazilian cruzeiro real

{{Short description|Brazilian currency from 1993 to 1994}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}{{Infobox currency
| image_1 = 5000-cruzeiros-reais-anverso.png
| image_title_1 = A 1993 CR$5,000 banknote
| iso_code = BRR
| using_countries = {{flag|Brazil}}
| inflation_rate = 
| inflation_source_date = 
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_inline_note_1 = (only used for accounting purposes)
| subunit_name_1 = [[centavo]]
| symbol = CR$
| unit = cruzeiro real
| plural = cruzeiros reais
| frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 50, 100 cruzeiros reais
| frequently_used_banknotes = 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 50,000 cruzeiros reais
| replaced_currency = [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|Cruzeiro]] (3rd version)
| replaced_by_currency = [[Brazilian real|Real]]
| issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Brazil]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.bc.gov.br}}
| printer = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
| printer_website = {{URL|www.casadamoeda.com.br}}
| mint = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
| mint_website = {{URL|www.casadamoeda.com.br}}
| obsolete = yes
}}

The '''cruzeiro real''' (<math>\mathrm{CRS}\!\!\!\Vert</math>, plural: ''cruzeiros reais'') was the short-lived [[currency]] of [[Brazil]] between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 [[centavo]]s; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the [[ISO 4217]] code ''BRR''.

This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines. 

The cruzeiro real was replaced with [[Brazilian real|the current Brazilian real]] as part of the [[Plano Real]].

==History==
The cruzeiro real replaced [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|the third cruzeiro]], with 1,000 cruzeiros = 1 cruzeiro real. The cruzeiro real was replaced in circulation by the [[Brazilian real|real]] at a rate of 1 real for 2,750 cruzeiros reais. Before this occurred, the [[unidade real de valor]] (pegged to the [[U.S. dollar]] at parity) was used in pricing, to allow the population to become accustomed to a stable currency (after many years of high inflation) before the real was introduced.

==Coins==
Standard circulation stainless-steel coins were issued in 1993 and 1994 in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 cruzeiros reais. The reverse of the coins portrayed iconic animals of the [[Wildlife of Brazil|Brazilian fauna]]. Coins worth 10 or more of the previous cruzeiro were retained to correspond to smaller denominations, such as the 1,000-cruzeiro coin for a single cruzeiro real, but became scarce by the end of 1993.

No commemorative coins were issued for the Cruzeiro Real.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Coins of the Cruzeiro Real
! Reverse !! Obverse !! Value !! Details
|-
| [[File:5-cruzeiros-reais-1993-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:5-cruzeiros-reais-1993-anverso.png|100px]] || CR$5 || Portrays [[macaw]]s
|-
| [[File:10-cruzeiros-reais-1994-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:10-cruzeiros-reais-1994-anverso.png|100px]] || CR$10 || Portrays a [[giant anteater]]
|-
| [[File:50-cruzeiros-reais-1994-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:50-cruzeiros-reais-1994-anverso.png|100px]] || CR$50 || Portrays [[jaguar]]s
|-
| [[File:100-cruzeiros-reais-1994-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:100-cruzeiros-reais-1994-anverso.png|100px]] || CR$100 || Portrays a [[maned wolf]]<ref name=":0" />
|}

The macaw and jaguar were represented again in the [[Brazilian real|Real]]'s {{currency|10|code=BRL}} and {{currency|50|code=BRL}} bills, respectively, after their introduction in 1994, and the maned wolf was later portrayed in the {{currency|200|code=BRL}} bill since its introduction in late 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Fonseca |first=Jaqueline |date=2020-07-31 |title=Conheça o lobo-guará, animal do cerrado que estampa nota de R$ 200 |trans-title=Meet the maned wolf, an animal from the cerrado that appears on the R$200 bill |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/cidades/2020/07/31/interna_cidadesdf,877021/conheca-o-lobo-guara-animal-que-estampa-nota-de-r-200.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802054311/https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/cidades/2020/07/31/interna_cidadesdf,877021/conheca-o-lobo-guara-animal-que-estampa-nota-de-r-200.shtml |archive-date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2021-02-01 |work=[[Correio Braziliense]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

==Banknotes==
[[File:50,000-cruzeiros-reais.png|thumb|right|The 50,000 cruzeiro real banknote had the shortest time in circulation: it was released on March 30, 1994, [[Plano Real]] was introduced on July 1, 1994, and it ceased to be legal tender on September 15 of that year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museu de Valores do Banco Central |trans-title=Central Bank Museum of Values |url=http://www.bcb.gov.br/htms/museu-espacos/cedulas/CRR.asp?idpai=CEDBC#CRreal5000000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022025541/http://www.bcb.gov.br/htms/museu-espacos/cedulas/CRR.asp?idpai=CEDBC#CRreal5000000 |archive-date=2014-10-22 |access-date=2016-01-03 |website= |publisher=[[Central Bank of Brazil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>]]
In 1993, provisional banknotes were introduced in the form of cruzeiro notes overprinted in the new currency. These were in denominations of 50, 100 and 500 cruzeiros reais. Regular notes followed in denominations of 1,000, 5,000 and 50,000 cruzeiros reais. The 10,000 cruzeiros reais banknote was designed and scheduled to be put into circulation in the first months of 1994, but inflation and the impending release of [[Plano Real|a new economic plan]] put its release on hold and only the 50,000 Cruzeiro real banknote was released.<ref>[http://www.dinheirodemetal.com/2012/09/dez-mil-cruzeiros-reais-1993-cedula-que.html Dez Mil Cruzeiros Reais (1993) - A Cédula que Nunca Circulou] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607193152/http://www.dinheirodemetal.com/2012/09/dez-mil-cruzeiros-reais-1993-cedula-que.html |date=2015-06-07 }} Dinheiro de Metal, accessed in January 3, 2016.</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights=200px>
File:5000-cruzeiros-reais.png|A CR$5,000 banknote portraying a [[gaúcho]] and [[Mate (drink)|chimarrão]]-shaped watermarks
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{numis cite SCWC|date=1991}}
*{{numis cite SCWPM|date=1994}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Brazil|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Historical currencies of Brazil}}

[[Category:Historical currencies of Brazil|cruzeiro real]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1994 disestablishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1993 in Brazil]]
[[Category:1994 in Brazil]]
[[Category:1993 in economic history]]
[[Category:1994 in economic history]]