View source for Brazilian cruzado novo

{{Infobox currency
| currency_name = Cruzado novo
| image_1 = Brazil Portinari banknote obverse.jpg
| image_title_1 = A 5000 cruzado banknote overstamped as 5 cruzados novos
| image_2 = 200 cruzados novos.jpg
| image_title_2 = A 200 cruzados novos banknote overstamped as 200 cruzeiros
| iso_code = BRN
| using_countries = {{flag|Brazil}}
| inflation_rate = 
| inflation_source_date = 
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = [[centavo]]
| symbol = NCz$
| plural = cruzados novos
| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 centavos<br>1 cruzado novo
| used_banknotes =  50, 100, 200, 500 cruzados novos
| replaced_currency = [[Brazilian cruzado|Cruzado]]
| replaced_by_currency = [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|Cruzeiro]] (3rd version)
| issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Brazil]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.bc.gov.br}}
| printer = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
| printer_website = {{URL|www.casadamoeda.com.br}}
| mint = [[Casa da Moeda do Brasil]]
| mint_website = {{URL|www.casadamoeda.com.br}}
}}

The '''Cruzado Novo''' was the short-lived [[currency]] of [[Brazil]] between 15 January 1989 and 15 March 1990. It replaced the [[brazilian cruzado|cruzado]] in the rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. It had the symbol <math>\mathrm{NCzS}\!\!\!\Vert</math> and the ISO 4217 code ''BRN''. In 1990, the cruzado novo was renamed the (third) [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|cruzeiro]]. This currency was subdivided in 100 ''centavos''.

The redenomination was the result of Plano Verão, which would become one of several heterodox plans in an attempt to stabilize the currency, and the path of redenomination was used to try to circumvent possible legal challenges due to rights established in the currency at that time, as happened in the Bresser Plan.

The method of monetary redenomination would be used again in 1990, when [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] assumed the presidency, and this redenomination to cruzeiro was on par with this currency then in circulation, despite the even darker effects of such an economic plan.

Unlike the [[brazilian cruzeiro novo|Cruzeiro Novo]] denomination of the late 1960s, it was not a transitional pattern between two currency denominations of the same name. Banknotes and coins with that denomination were released in 1989 and 1990.

==Coins==
=== Standard ===
Standard circulating stainless-steel coins were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos.

A design for a standard circulation NCz$1 coin was planned for 1990, nicknamed the "Christ's Cross" ({{langx|pt|Cruz de Cristo}}) design. However, in March 1990, before the coin was released to the public, the country's currency changed to the [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|Cruzeiro]] (3rd iteration), so that design never circulated.<ref name=collectgram>{{ cite web | url=https://collectgram.com/blog/1-cruzado-novo-com-a-cruz-de-cristo-novas-informacoes/ | title=1 Cruzado Novo com a Cruz de Cristo: novas informações | language=pt-br | trans-title=1 Cruzado Novo with Christ's Cross: new information | first=Emerson | last=Pippi | date=17 February 2020 | access-date=22 December 2020 }}</ref> There are 41 specimens in the [[Central Bank of Brazil]]'s internal storage, of which there are forty 1990 issues, and a single 1989 issue, the only known specimen of that year.<ref>{{cite instagram | author=Central Bank of Brazil | author-link=Central Bank of Brazil | user=bancocentraldobrasil | postid=CSJ22CyLtph | date=4 August 2021 | title=Foram encontradas 41 moedas 'cruz de Cristo', sendo que uma delas é uma variante de 1989, o único exemplar existente! | trans-title=41 'cruz de Cristo' coins were found, one of which being a 1989 variant, the only specimen in existence! | language=pt-br | access-date=4 August 2021 }}</ref> Additionally, there are 15 known samples with collectors, bringing the total to 56 known issues of the coin.<ref name=collectgram/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Coins of the Cruzado Novo
! Reverse !! Obverse !! Value !! Details
|-
| [[File:0,01-cruzado-novo-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:0,01-cruzado-novo-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$0.01 || The "Boiadeiro" design, portrays a [[cowboy]] or cattle herder.
|-
| [[File:0,05-cruzado-novo-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:0,05-cruzado-novo-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$0.05 || The "Pescador" design, portrays a [[fisherman]].
|-
| [[File:0,10-cruzado-novo-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:0,10-cruzado-novo-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$0.10 || The "Garimpeiro" design, portrays an [[Artisanal mining|artisanal miner]].
|-
| [[File:0,50-cruzado-novo-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:0,50-cruzado-novo-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$0.50 || The "Rendeira" design, portrays a [[lace]]maker or [[Weaving|weaver]].
|- style="height:100px;"
| {{unreleased}} || {{unreleased}} || NCz$1 || The "''Cruz de Cristo''" design, portrays a [[Christian cross|cross]] inside a map of Brazil.
|}

=== Commemorative ===
To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the [[Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)|Republic]] in Brazil (1889–1989), two Cruzado Novo coins were minted: a NCz$1 circulating coin, and a NCz$200 non-circulating silver coin.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Commemorative coins of the Cruzado Novo
! Reverse !! Obverse !! Value !! Details
|-
| [[File:1-cruzado-novo-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:1-cruzado-novo-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$1 || Circulating stainless steel commemorative coin
|- style="height:100px;"
| [[File:200-cruzados-novos-1989-reverso.png|100px]] || [[File:200-cruzados-novos-1989-anverso.png|100px]] || NCz$200 || Non-circulating silver commemorative coin
|}

==Banknotes==
The first banknotes were overprints on cruzado notes, in denominations of 1, 5 and 10 cruzados novos. Regular notes followed the same year in denominations of 50, 100 and 200 cruzados novos, with the 500 cruzado novo note following in 1990. These banknotes were overprinted with the new name of the currency in 1990. In 1992, the 50 and 100 cruzado novo banknotes were withdrawn. 
The higher denominations were withdrawn in 1994.

<gallery widths=250>
File:Brazil Portinari banknote obverse.jpg|A [[Brazilian cruzado|Cz$]]5,000 banknote overstamped as NCz$5, portraying [[Candido Portinari]]
File:200 cruzados novos anv (cropped).jpg|A NCz$200 banknote from 1989 commemorating 100 years of the [[Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)|Proclamation of the Republic]]
File:100-cruzeiros-carimbo-1990-anverso.png|A NCz$100 banknote overstamped as [[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|Cr$]]100, portraying [[Cecília Meireles]]
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|Brazil|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Historical currencies of Brazil}}
{{n-start|title=Brazilian cruzado novo}}
{{n-before|currency=[[Brazilian cruzado|Cruzado]]|reason=inflation|ratio=1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo}}
{{n-currency|location=Brazil|start=15 January 1989|end=15 March 1990}}
{{n-after|currency=[[Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)|Cruzeiro]] (third iteration)|reason=currency renaming|ratio=at par}}
{{n-end}}

[[Category:Historical currencies of Brazil|cruzado novo]]
[[Category:1990 in Brazil]]
[[Category:1989 in economic history]]
[[Category:1990 in economic history]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:1990 disestablishments in Brazil]]


{{Brazil-econ-stub}}