View source for Atari Calculator

{{Short description|1979 computer software}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Atari Calculator
| screenshot = Atari Calculator screenshot.png
| caption = The first screenshot, printed in the 1979 Touch the future" brochure by Atari, Inc.
| other_names = Calculator
| author = [[Carol Shaw]]
| developer = [[Atari, Inc.]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1979}}
| discontinued = yes
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|1982}}
| programming language = [[Assembly language|Assembly]]
| operating_system =
| platform = [[Atari 8-bit]], [[MOS Technology 6502|6502]]
| replaced_by = Colleen Calculator
| service_name = <code>CX-8102</code>&nbsp;(Atari)<br/><code>APX-20130</code>&nbsp;(APX)
| standard = [[Reverse Polish notation|RPN]]
| language = English
| genre = [[Mathematical software]], [[Financial calculator]], [[Programmable calculator]], [[Software calculator]]
| license = [[Proprietary]]
}}

'''Atari Calculator''' (or '''Calculator''') is a [[proprietary software]] program developed by [[Atari, Inc.]] for [[Atari 8-bit computers]] and published in 1979. It incorporates the functionality of a [[scientific calculator]] into a [[software calculator]]. It was written in [[assembly language]] by American [[programmer]] and [[game designer]] [[Carol Shaw]].  The program supports multiple  modes, including enabling it to be used as a [[programmable calculator]] with a then-popular [[reverse Polish notation]] (RPN) input method.

== History ==
In 1977, the ''Calculator'' [[computer program]] was developed by [[Carol Shaw]] at Atari, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Shaw |title=Calculator - notes, reference, and sketches; 1977-1979 [bulk 1979] |url=https://archives.museumofplay.org/repositories/3/archival_objects/29273 |via=[[Strong Museum]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator |url=https://www.atarimania.com/pgesoft.awp?version=33786 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.atarimania.com |quote=Publisher: Atari.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator (APX-20130) |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-calculator_30067.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.atarimania.com |quote=Publisher: APX.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pappas |first=Peter |date= |title=ATARI SOFTWARE REVIEW - CALCULATOR |url=http://www.cyberroach.com/analog/an02/an2-038.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160904144039/http://www.cyberroach.com/analog/an02/an2-038.htm |archive-date=2016-09-04 |access-date= |website=cyberroach.com}}</ref>  In 1979, the screenshot of the ''Atari Calculator'', with the title <code>ATARI CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT 1979</code> in the main window,  was printed in the ''"Touch the future."'' brochure on the screenshots gallery page, featuring the upcoming Atari 800 computer. The [[User interface|UI]] was colored in light bluish text on a dark blue background.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/AtariTouchTheFutureCatalog/page/n1/mode/2up |title=Touch the future. Atari 800 Personal Computer System |date=1979 |publisher=[[Atari]] |page=2 |type=Brochure}}</ref> In the same year, the ''"Calculator: Instruction Manual"'' book was printed, and program got product [[ID number]] <code>CX-8102</code>. On the screenshots of the program, printed in grayscale in the manual, the title in the main window changed to <code>CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT (C) ATARI 1979</code>.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/details/CalculatorAtari |title=Atari's Calculator manual |date=1979 |language=English}}</ref>

In 1981, the ''Calculator'' was marketed in the "''Atari Personal Computer Product Catalog"''.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/atari-personal-computer-product-catalog-1981-atari/page/1/mode/2up?q=calculator |title=Atari's Atari Personal Computer Product Catalog 1981 |date=1981 |publisher=[[Atari]] |pages=2, 13 |language=English |chapter=Calculator |quote=Calculator. With this program, your ATARI Personal Computer becomes a powerful, 145-function programmable calculator.}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=Calculator. With this program, your ATARI Personal Computer becomes a powerful, 145-function programmable calculator.|author=Atari|title=ATARI Personal Computer Product Catalog|source=1981}}

In September 1981, the ''Atari Calculator'' was marketed in the [[Atari Connection]] magazine, in the section for new business and professional applications:<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The ATARI Calculator |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7 |journal=[[Atari Connection]] |publisher=[[Atari]] |publication-date=May 1981 |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=6 |quote=The ATARI Calculator can turn your ATARI Home Computer into a powerful calculator with 145 functions.}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=More than a simple handheld calculator, the ATARI Calculator combines features found in scientific, business, and statistical calculators. [...] Package includes a manual, one program diskette, and one blank diskette. Suggested Retail Price: $29.95. Estimated Availability: November 1, 1981.|author=Atari|title=The ATARI Calculator|source=Atari Connection, Fall 1981, Volume 1, Number 3}}

{{External image|image1=[http://www.vintagecomputing.com/wp-content/images/interviews/shaw/atari_calculator_box_large.jpg Calculator: Computer Program Diskette] (box cover)|image2=|image3=}}

During 1981—1982, it was distributed in two variants, by Atari, Inc. itself and by the [[Atari Program Exchange]] (APX) department,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE Calculator (CX-8102) |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-calculator_33786.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarimania.com}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> in the form of boxed [[diskette]], together with the [[Atari DOS#DOS 2.0|Atari DOS 2.0]], for the [[Atari 8-bit computers]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2024 |title=Atari Calculator CX8102 (C) 1979-Reference Manual or Command Key Reference |url=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/196487-atari-calculator-cx8102-c-1979-reference-manual-or-command-key-reference/#comment-5389672 |access-date= |website=AtariAge Forums |language=en-US |quote=Finished in 1979, sold in 1982 on disk officially with DOS II, while developed for DOS I. So be careful with MEM.SAV...}}</ref>

In June 1982, the ''"Calculator: Instruction Manual"'' book was printed by the APX, noted with ''"User-Written Software for Atari Computers"'' on the cover, and the program got product ID number <code>APX-20130</code>.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/details/CalculatorAPXVer2/Calculator_APX_ver_2 |title=APX's Calculator manual version 2 |date=1982 |language=English}}</ref> In the same year, product <code>CX-8102</code> was listed in the ''"Atari Home Computer Product Catalog"''. On the screenshot, printed in color in the catalog, the colors of the UI were changed from dark blue to reddish brown, the output line colored in black with gray text, and the input line colored in light bluish colors.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/atari-product-catalog/page/n9/mode/2up?q=calculator |title=Atari Home Computer Product Catalog |publisher=[[Atari]] |year=1982 |pages=2, 10 |chapter=CALCULATOR (CX8102)}}</ref>

After 1982, there was little news about the ''Atari Calculator'', its development, and it was excluded from the listing in the next official catalogs by Atari.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atari International |url=https://archive.org/details/APXBritishCatalog |title=Atari Program Exchange Software Catalogue Spring 1983 Edition |date=1983 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/Home_Computer_Software_1983_Thorn_EMI_US |title=Atari Catalog: Home Computer Software (1983)(Thorn EMI)(US) |date=1983}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=moorejh |date=2020-09-06 |title=Explore Atari Computer Sales Brochures and Catalogs (10-15 mins) – Atari Projects |url=https://atariprojects.org/2020/09/06/explore-atari-computer-sales-brochures-and-catalogs-10-15-mins/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 12 October 2011, Benj Edwards,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benj Edwards {{!}} Tech Reporter, Journalist, Historian |url=https://www.benjedwards.com/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.benjedwards.com}}</ref> a tech reporter and historian, published on the ''"Vintage Computing & Gaming"'' site the [[Transcription (linguistics)|transcription]] of the interview with Carol Shaw, who left Atari after 1980.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=VC&G Interview: Carol Shaw, Atari's First Female Video Game Developer |url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=vintagecomputing.com}}</ref> During the interview, there was revealed details about the ''Atari Calculator'' origin and development:

{{Blockquote|text=I also did a calculator for the [Atari] 800. It wasn't a game. [...] It's called Calculator. Basically, we bought a handheld programmable calculator that had financial functions and scientific functions, and so you would be able to program this thing. [...] I did this calculator thing. It did ship — I have one of them.|author=Carol Shaw (2011 interview with Vintage Computing magazine)<ref>{{cite web | magazine=Vintage Computing | title=VC&G Interview: Carol Shaw, Atari's First Female Video Game Developer | url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800 | date=12 October 2011 | accessdate=14 September 2024 | first=Benj |last=Edwards}}</ref>}}

== Features ==
'''Data sources:''' the official Atari manuals and catalogs, Carol Shaw's papers, the Atari Connection magazine, the AtariWiki
* Display size: 40×24 characters
* Required RAM size: 24 [[kilobyte|KB]]
* Programming support{{External image|image1=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/Programm2.jpg Program structure] for the Atari Calculator (excerpt from the papers)|image2=|image3=}}
* Program storage size: 100 memory registers
* Stack input size: 42 characters
* Memory data storage size: 3072 bytes
* Various calculation modes:
** ALG ([[algebra]]ic with [[operator precedence]])
** ALGN (algebraic without operator precedence)
** RPN ([[Reverse Polish Notation]])
* Various angular modes: [[Degree (angle)|DEG]], [[radian|RAD]]
* Various numeric modes: [[decimal|DEC]], [[octal|OCT]], [[hexadecimal|HEX]]
* Precision: [[Floating point]], [[Integer]]
* [[Logical operation]]s: AND, OR
* 145 Functions: Financial, [[statistics|Statistical]], [[trigonometric functions|Trigonometric]], [[hyperbolic functions|Hyperbolic]], [[bit manipulation|Bit Manipulation]], [[Factorial]], [[Logarithm]], Single- and Double-variable functions, etc.
* Polar/Rectangular conversion
* [[Unit conversion]] (temperature, mass, distance, volume, angle, etc.)
* [[mathematical constant|Constants]]: [[Pi|π]] (pi)
* Dual-panel view for stack and memory inputs
* Tips and Error messages
* Various color themes: Brown tones (default), Black and White (positive and negative), Blue/Dark Blue/Green/Pink/Yellow tones
* Input/Output
* Save/Load
* Print out (requires [[Atari 825]] printer to be connected)
* Exit to DOS (Atari DOS 2.0 included in diskette distribution)

== Alternatives ==
The ''Atari Calculato''r was not the only RPN calculator for Atari 800, there was also the commercial ''RPN Calculator'' (ID numbers <code>APX-10105</code> and <code>APX-20105</code>), written in [[Atari BASIC]] by John Crane,<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Crane |url=https://archive.org/details/rpn-calculator-simulator-apx |title=APX's RPN Calculator Simulator Manual |date=1982}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari 400 800 XL XE RPN Calculator Simulator : scans, dump, download, screenshots, ads, videos, catalog, instructions, roms |url=https://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-rpn-calculator-simulator_29629.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarimania.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ANTIC The Atari 8-bit Podcast: ANTIC Interview 158 - John Crane, RPN Calculator Simulator |url=https://ataripodcast.libsyn.com/antic-interview-158-john-crane-rpn-calculator-simulator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=ataripodcast.libsyn.com |language=en}}</ref> and the ''Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN'' by MTC (imitating hardware RPN calculator).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN |url=https://www.atarionline.pl/v01/index.php?ct=utils&sub=9.%20Rozne&tg=Atari%20Rechner%20Simulation%20mit%20UPN#Atari%20Rechner%20Simulation%20mit%20UPN |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atarionline.pl}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN (1985)(MTC) |url=https://archive.org/details/a8b_Atari_Rechner_Simulation_mit_UPN_1985_MTC |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Atari Bit Byter User Club - PD Disks: Calculator Simulation |url=https://archive.org/details/a8b_abbuc_076 |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref>

In October 2014, Norbert Kehrer created free simulators of the [[Hewlett-Packard]] [[RPN calculator]]s ([[HP-35]], [[HP-45]], [[HP-55]] and HP-80) for [[Atari 800XL]] and Commodore&nbsp;64.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |title=The HP Calculator Emulators for the Atari 800XL and for the Commodore 64 |url=https://norbertkehrer.github.io/a800_c64_hp_emu.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=norbertkehrer.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Floppy Days Vintage Computing Podcast: Floppy Days 96 - Epson HX-20 Bonus, Norbert Kehrer Interview |url=https://floppydays.libsyn.com/floppy-days-96-epson-hx-20-bonus-norbert-kehrer-interview |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=floppydays.libsyn.com |language=en}}</ref>

For the later Atari computers, further scientific calculators were developed, for example, there were two [[public-domain software]] calculators: the ''Scientific Calculator'' by M. Weller for [[Atari ST]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scientific Calculator - AtariUpToDate |url=https://www.atariuptodate.de/en/4209/scientific-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.atariuptodate.de |language=en}}</ref> and the ''RPN Calculator'' by Arnauld Chevallier for [[Intellivision]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPN Calculator - Mattel Intellivision - Games Database |url=https://www.gamesdatabase.org/game/mattel-intellivision/rpn-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.gamesdatabase.org}}</ref>

== Atari hardware calculators ==
In the late 1980s, Atari produced a line of hardware [[Desktop calculator|desktop]] and [[pocket calculators]], but none of them had programming support and an RPN input.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lai |first=Shiuming |year=2003 |title=Do The Math |url=https://exxosforum.co.uk/atari/mirror/myatari/issues/aug2003/domath.htm |access-date= |website=MyAtari magazine - Feature #6, August 2003 |via=exxosforum.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Retro Scan of the Week: And Now…The Atari Calculator |url=https://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/260/retro-scan-of-the-week-and-nowthe-atari-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=vintagecomputing.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=manufacturers/Atari |url=https://www.calculator.org/manufacturers/Atari.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.calculator.org}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
{{External image|image1=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/calculator_cart.jpg Calculator: Computer Program] (ROM cartridge label by Oliver Rapp)|image2=[https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/AtariCalculator-VCFe14/vcfe14-4.jpg Calculator launched on Atari 800] on display during the VCFe 14 (2013)|image3=[https://www.wudsn.com/productions/atari800/ataricalculator/ataricalculator.gif Atari Calculator] (startup screen by Peter Dell for cartridge for Carol Shaw)}}

In 2012, the ''Atari Calculator'' was highlighted in an article published in the ''ABBUC Magazin'' (Issue #111), which was published by the German-based, Atari Bit Byter User Club e.V.,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari Bit Byter User Club - Demozoo |url=https://demozoo.org/groups/33045/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=demozoo.org}}</ref> and the styled ''Atari Calculator'' title was featured on the cover.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBUC Magazin #111-120 – Papierbeilage – ABBUC |url=https://abbuc.de/download/abbuc-magazin-111-120/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=de-DE}}</ref> Cover design and fan art illustrations assisting the article authored by Oliver Rapp.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-21 |title=ABBUC Magazin #111 |url=https://des-or-mad.net/portfolio/projekte/abbuc-magazin-111 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=des-or-mad.net |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-21 |title=ABBUC Magazin #111: Atari Calculator |url=https://des-or-mad.net/blog/artikel/abbuc-magazin-111-atari-calculator |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=des-or-mad.net |language=de}}</ref> Cover illustration also includes a sign in a lower right corner in a form of mathematical formula to say "[[Thank you]]", used by Atari community to honor notable contributors:<ref>{{Cite web |title=AtariWiki V3.1: Thanks |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Thanks#section-Thanks-CarolB.Shaw |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=atariwiki.org}}</ref>

<math display="block">\sum_{i=0}^\infty(Thank\;you\;Carol)_i</math>

Rapp also designed a label for the possible future [[ROM cartridge]] release of the ''Atari Calculator'', reserving ID number <code>CXL-4028</code>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapp |first=Oliver |title=Calculator: Computer Program (Atari CXL4028) |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/calculator_cart.jpg |type=ROM cartridge label |format=JPEG |via=atariwiki.org |quote=Use with console keyboard.}}</ref>

On 27—28 April 2013, the ''Atari Calculator'' was displayed at the 14th [[Vintage Computer Festival]] Europe (VCFe) in [[Munich]], and Vortrag Wassenberg made its presentation. Slides from this presentation were published online.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VCFe 14.0 |url=https://vcfe.org/E/Nachlese.html#14 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=vcfe.org |language=de |quote=Eintrag in der Atariwiki zumAtari Calculator auf dem VCFe.}}</ref>

On 22 November 2013, Peter Dell<ref>{{Cite web |title=peterdell / Profile |url=https://sourceforge.net/u/peterdell/profile/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=sourceforge.net}}</ref> released a ROM cartridge version of the modified original ''Atari Calculator'' with adding [[Bootsplash|startup screen]], as a personal gift sent to Carol Shaw:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=WUDSN - 8-bits are enough - Tools |url=https://www.wudsn.com/index.php/productions-atari800/tools |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.wudsn.com}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=My cartridge was created as a personal gift for Carol. It is explicitly based on the released disk version and includes a complete DOS, so [it] can be used reasonably even you do not have a disk drive (which was the case for her).|author=Peter Dell|title=Calculator|source=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/351420-calculator/?do=findComment&comment=5257217}}

In 2013, Norbert Kehrer ported the original ''Atari Calculator'' to [[Commodore 64]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |date= |title=The Atari Calculator CX8102 for the Commodore 64 |url=http://web.utanet.at/nkehrer/atari_calc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331152941/http://web.utanet.at/nkehrer/atari_calc.html |archive-date=31 March 2014 |access-date= |website=web.utanet.at/nkehrer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehrer |first=Norbert |title=The Atari Calculator CX8102 for the Commodore 64 |url=https://norbertkehrer.github.io/atari_calc.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=norbertkehrer.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Atari Calculator CX8102 |url=https://csdb.dk/release/?id=132428 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Commodore 64 Scene Database}}</ref>

On 5 November 2014, the ''Atari Calculator'' was highlighted on the 'Inverse [[ATASCII]] [[Podcast]]'. The podcast site also published the source of the example program for the ''Atari Calculator,'' newly created [[cheat sheet]], screenshots of software screen in various modes and an excerpt from the original user manual showing a mistake on instruction illustration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ripdubski |date=2014-11-05 |title=S1E3 Atari Calculator – Supplement |url=https://inverseatascii.info/2014/11/05/s1e3-atari-calculator/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ripdubski |date=2014-11-05 |title=S1E3 Atari Calculator |url=https://inverseatascii.info/2014/11/05/s1e3-atari-calculator-2/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=17 November 2014 |title=Inverse ATASCII Podcast #3 – Atari Calculator |url=https://www.vintageisthenewold.com/inverse-atascii-podcast-3-atari-calculator |access-date= |website=Vintage is The New Old |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Colleen Calculator ===
On 31 August 2016, Kay Savetz, the host of the 'ANTIC podcast', uploaded at the [[Internet Archive]] the scans of the ''Colleen Calculator'' source printouts, an unreleased cartridge version of the ''Atari Calculator'' — obtained from Harry Stewart — which was originally presented by Carol Shaw. In addition, two source printiouts, which included code for [[floating-point arithmetic]] handling, were scanned and uploaded the ''Atari Calculator'' cartridge specification, handwritten by Shaw, and the official prited user manual for the ''Atari Calculator''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savetz |first=Kay |date=2016-08-31 |title=Colleen Floating Point Routines and Colleen Calculator source code |url=https://forums.atariage.com/topic/256541-colleen-floating-point-routines-and-colleen-calculator-source-code/ |access-date= |website=AtariAge Forums |language=en-US}}</ref> Savetz uploaded it all with a permission from Shaw, and the original printouts Shaw had donated to and now are storing at the [[Strong Museum]], as well as all of the materials related to Atari, she collected during her employment period at the Atari (1978–1980).<ref>{{Citation |title=Finding Aid to the Carol Shaw Papers, 1960-2017 |date=31 January 2022 |work=Carol Shaw Papers |url=https://www.museumofplay.org/app/uploads/2022/01/Finding-Aid-to-the-Carol-Shaw-papers_013122.pdf |publisher=Brian Sutton-Smith Library and Archives of Play |quote=The Carol Shaw papers are a compilation of game design documentation, notes, sketches, source code printouts, advertisements, and other ephemera relating to the career of video game designer Carol Shaw. |via=[[Strong Museum]]}}</ref>

On 29 June 2017, Shaw was hosted by Savetz on the ''"ANTIC"'' podcast. During the interview, Shaw described more details about the ''Atari Calculator'' and the ''Colleen Calculator'' development.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQ0KoBenExU |title=Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision — interview |date=2021-08-30 |last=Kay Savetz |access-date= |quote=This interview took place on June 29, 2017. |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ANTIC The Atari 8-bit Podcast: ANTIC Interview 294 - Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision |url=https://ataripodcast.libsyn.com/antic-interview-294-carol-shaw-atari-and-activision |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=ataripodcast.libsyn.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kevin Savetz |title=Carol Shaw, Atari and Activision — interview |date=2017-07-30 |url=https://archive.org/details/carol-shaw |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref>

On 4 September 2020, Savetz released on [[GitHub]] source files of the ''Colleen Calculator'', recovered and reconstructed from scanned printouts.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Savetz |first=Kay |title=savetz/ColleenCalculator |date=2023-01-01 |url=https://github.com/savetz/ColleenCalculator |access-date=2024-09-10}}</ref> The header in source files includes info on the initial commit date by Shaw:

{{Syntaxhighlight|code=COLLEEN CALCULATOR, BY C SHAW

                            .TITLE  'COLLEEN CALCULATOR, BY C SHAW' 
0000                ASMBL   =       0               ;1=>ASSEMBLE THIS SECTION, 0=>THIS STUFF HAS BEEN REMOVED 
                    ; 
                    ;               ATARI CALCULATOR CARTRIDGE  COPYRIGHT 1979 
                    ;               WORK STARTED 2/20/79 
                    ;               PROGRAM STARTED 3/14/79|lang=asm|border=no}}The name of the ''Colleen Calculator'' refers to the codename of Atari 800 — the "[[Atari 8-bit computers#Development|Colleen]]".

== Gallery ==
{{columns-start}}UI layout from the screenshot printed in 1979:<ref name=":3" />{{monodiv|id1=|
     ATARI CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT 1979    
      RPN  RAD  DEC BITS16 FIX9 OFF     
 ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 
 ┃      STACK      ┃REG       CONTENTS┃ 
 ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ 
 ┃X           2.907┃0           13.450┃ 
 ┃Y             35.┃1               0.┃ 
 ┃2             45.┃2            2.987┃ 
 ┃3          13.456┃3              35.┃ 
 ┃4       2368.7688┃4           3.1416┃ 
 ┃5          3.1416┃5              56.┃ 
 ┃6            120.┃6               0.┃ 
 ┃7       3.3714286┃7               0.┃ 
 ┃8           1637.┃8               0.┃ 
 ┃9             69.┃9               0.┃ 
 ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 
  ENTER MEMORY REGISTER 0-99            
                 3.                     
               .35. ***                 
              2.987 STO                 
  ENTER MEMORY REGISTER 0-99            
                 2.                     
              2.987 ***                 
  >▆
}}
{{column}}UI layout from the screenshot printed in 1982:<ref name=":4" />{{monodiv|id1=|
  CALCULATOR COPYRIGHT (C) 1979 ATARI   
  ALG  RAD DEC BITS16 FIX8 CMPND ENTER  
 ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 
 ┃      STACK     ┃       MEMORY      ┃ 
 ┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ 
 ┃X              0┃0                 0┃ 
 ┃Y               ┃1                 0┃ 
 ┃2               ┃2                 0┃ 
 ┃3               ┃3                 0┃ 
 ┃4               ┃4                 0┃ 
 ┃5               ┃5                 0┃ 
 ┃6               ┃6                 0┃ 
 ┃7               ┃7                 0┃ 
 ┃8               ┃8                 0┃ 
 ┃9               ┃9                 0┃ 
 ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                    0 ***               
  >▆
}}
{{columns-end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Computer programming|Mathematics
}}
* [[Comparison of software calculators]]
* [[Atari BASIC]]
* [[VisiCalc]]

== Publications ==

* {{Cite book |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/Atari%20Calculator/Atari_Calculator_Manual_Optimized.pdf |title=Calculator: Instruction Manual |publisher=[[Atari]] |year=1979 |series=Computer Program |type= }} (Compressed PDF, 22 MB)
* {{Cite book |url=http://strotmann.de/~cas/download/atari/Atari_Calculator_Manual_Original.pdf.gz |title=Calculator: Instruction Manual |publisher=[[Atari]] |year=1979 |series=Computer Program |type= |format=PDF}} (Original PDF, Gzip'ed, 114 MB)
* {{Cite journal |date=September 1981 |title=The ATARI Calculator |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7 |journal=[[Atari Connection]] |publisher=[[Atari]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=6}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=CalculatorAtari|name=Atari's Calculator manual}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=CalculatorAPXVer2|name=APX's Calculator manual version 2}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenCalculator|name=Colleen Calculator - Atari 8-bit - source code}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenCalculator9K|name=Colleen Calculator 9K version - Atari 8-bit - source code}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=ColleenFloatingPointRoutines|name=Colleen Floating Point Routines}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=AtariCalculatorCartridgeSpecification|name=Atari Calculator Cartridge Specification}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wassenberg |first=Vortrag |url=https://atariwiki.org/wiki/attach/AtariCalculator-VCFe14/Vortrag_Wassenberg.pdf |title=Atari Calculator @ VCFe 14 |publisher=[[Atari]] |year=2013 |series=Computer Program |location=Munich |type=Slides }}
* {{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://inverseatascii.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/s1e3-ac-cheatsheet1.pdf |title=Atari Calculator: Cheat Sheet |publisher=Inverse ATASCII |year=2014 |series= |location= |type= }}
* {{Cite journal |date=March 2020 |title=История индустрии: Carol Shaw |url=https://archive.org/download/legends_of_bytes/LegendsOfBytesIssue07.pdf |journal=Legends of Bytes |publisher=G Demidenko |volume=7 |issue= |pages=14–19 |last=Demidenko |first=G. |location=Cherkasy |trans-title=The History of The Industry: Carol Shaw |language=uk, ru, en |quote=Кроме того, она сделала калькулятор для Atari 800 - программируемый, с научными и финансовыми функциями. [Also, she created a calculator for Atari 800 - programmed, with scientific and finance functions.] |via=[[Internet Archive]] }}
* {{Cite book |date=September 2022 |title=Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games |url=https://archive.org/details/Atari_Connection_Volume_1_Number_3_1981-09_Atari_US/page/n7  |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] |volume=22 |pages= 1–10|last1=Aycock |first1=John |quote=Carol Shaw’s game River Raid (1982) has a perfect match for the full routine, and the source code for her games is held by the Strong museum, meaning that the original source code for HRCALC can be seen; this is, in fact, where we take the name HRCALC from. |location=Athens |last2=Biittner |first2=Katie |last3=Ganesh |first3=Shankar |last4=Newell |first4=Paul Allen |last5=Therrien |first5=Carl |chapter=The Sincerest Form of Flattery: Large-Scale Analysis of Code Re-Use in Atari 2600 Games |doi=10.1145/3555858.3555948|isbn=978-1-4503-9795-7 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Marie |first=Meagan |url=https://www.crystaldynamics.com/content/uploads/2024/05/Women-in-Gaming-100-Professionals-of-Play-2024.pdf |title=Women in Gaming: 100 Professionals of Play |publisher=[[Crystal Dynamics]] |year=2024 |pages=26–27 |chapter=[[Carol Shaw]] |quote=Outside of gaming, Shaw programmed a calculator to run on the Atari 800 computer.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Ian |url=https://www.atariarchives.org/mapping/appendix9.php |title=Mapping The Atari |publisher= |year=1985 |pages= |chapter=Appendix 9: Numerical Conversions |format= |quote=|edition=Revised|type=The comprehensive sourcebook and memory guide|via=atariarchives.org}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://atariwiki.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Atari%20Calculator Atari Calculator] at the ''AtariWiki''
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/351420-calculator/ Atari Calculator] at the ''AtariAge Forums''
* [https://www.atariarchives.org/APX/showinfo.php?cat=20130 Atari Calculator](APX-20130) at the ''AtariArchives''
* {{GitHub|savetz/ColleenCalculator|Colleen Calculator}}
* [https://archives.museumofplay.org/repositories/3/resources/147 Carol Shaw papers] at the [[Strong Museum]]
* [https://www.wudsn.com/index.php/productions-atari800/tools Atari Calculator] (Atari cartridge by Peter Dell)
* [https://norbertkehrer.github.io/atari_calc.html Atari Calculator] (Commodore 64 port by Norbert Kehrer)
* Carol Shaw. {{Internet Archive|id=atr_APX20130-Calculator|name=APX20130 Calculator.atr}}
* John Crane. {{Internet Archive|id=atr_APX_RPN_Calculator|name=APX RPN Calculator.atr}}
* Norbert Kehrer. [https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-14301.html HP Calculator Emulators for the Commodore 64 and ATARI 800XL] at the ''Museum of HP Calculators''
* MTC. {{Internet Archive|id=a8b_Atari_Rechner_Simulation_mit_UPN_1985_MTC|name=Atari Rechner Simulation mit UPN}}
* {{Internet Archive|id=atari_8bit_library_applications|name=Atari 8-Bit Library: Applications}}
{{Atari}}
{{Calculator navbox}}

[[Category:Atari]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit computer software]]
[[Category:Software calculators]]
[[Category:Programmable calculators]]
[[Category:Financial software]]
[[Category:Mathematical software]]
[[Category:1979 software]]
[[Category:1982 software]]